{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:28:38Z","timestamp":1791952118321,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"abstract":"<title>ABSTRACT<\/title>\n                  <p>Yellow fever is a viral zoonosis of variable geographic distribution in the Americas. With no specific treatment for this vector-borne disease, vaccination is the best prevention available. This flavivirus has been circulating in the Americas since the late 15th century, and over the past decades, the virus has reemerged and is now endemic in 13 countries in South and Central America. Ecosystem changes may have had a role in this reemergence. The International Health Regulations were approved by the World Health Assembly in 2005 as a guidance document to support national policies with important measures for disease control and prevention of new epidemics. This article presents an illustrative case of the efforts of three ministries of health in the Americas (Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Honduras) to implement international guidelines and reduce yellow fever transmission in the region. Using the One Health framework, we propose selected recommendations for the prevention and control of yellow fever outbreaks.<\/p>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2026.31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:22:22Z","timestamp":1776090142000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preparedness for the emerging risk of yellow fever in the Americas"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Helena J.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"hjchapman@gwu.edu"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bienvenido A.","family":"Veras-Est\u00e9vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Cibao, La Vega, Dominican Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena G.","family":"Chicaiza-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Z\u00faniga Valeriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Vigilancia y Salud Ambiental, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"\u2020","given":"Reyna M.","family":"Dur\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones One Health, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Centroamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. Alerta epidemiol\u00f3gica fiebre amarilla en la regi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas \u2013 31 de mayo del 2025 [internet]. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2025. Spanish [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/es\/documentos\/alerta-epidemiologica-fiebre-amarilla-region-americas-31-mayo-2025"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. Yellow fever: how three monkey deaths sparked a critical health alert in Colombia [internet]. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/stories\/yellow-fever-how-three-monkey-deaths-sparked-critical-health-alert-colombia"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Bereguiain MA, Salgado-Cisneros S, Narv\u00e1ez A, Orlando SA, Rodr\u00edguez-Pazmi\u00f1o \u00c1S. Yellow fever outbreak in Ecuador and travel vaccination policies. J Travel Med. 2025;32(6):taaf089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaf089","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf089"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yellow fever. In: CDC Yellow Book 2026: health information for international travel. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yellow-book\/hcp\/travel-associated-infections-diseases\/yellow-fever.html"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnyder JL, de Jong HK, Bache BE, Schaumburg F, Grobusch MP. Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12(3):e445\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00556-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00556-9"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gianchecchi E, Cianchi V, Torelli A, Montomoli E. Yellow fever: origin, epidemiology, preventive strategies and future prospects. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(3):372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10030372","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10030372"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliaga-Samanez A, Real R, Segura M, Marfil-Daza C, Olivero J. Yellow fever surveillance suggests zoonotic and anthroponotic emergent potential. Commun Biol. 2022;5(1):530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-03492-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03492-9"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for clinical management of arboviral diseases: Dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. Geneva: WHO; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/381804"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International health regulations. Third edition. Geneva: WHO; 2005 [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/246107"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health and United Nations Environment Programme. One health joint plan of action, 2022\u20132026: working together for the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment. Rome: FAO, UNEP, WHO, and WOAH; 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cc2289en","DOI":"10.4060\/cc2289en"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Monitoring in motion for migrants in the Darien Gap [Internet]. Geneva: OHCHR; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/stories\/2025\/05\/monitoring-motion-migrants-darien-gap"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomson MC, Stanberry LR. Climate change and vector borne diseases. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(21):1969\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2200092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2200092"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores BM, Montoya E, Sakschewski B, Nascimento N, Staal A, Betts RA, et al. Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature. 2024;626(7999):555\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06970-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06970-0"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. MSP y OPS\/OMS en Ecuador despliegan acciones ante caso de fiebre amarilla en Zamora Chinchipe [internet]. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/es\/noticias\/28-4-2025-msp-opsoms-ecuador-despliegan-acciones-ante-caso-fiebre-amarilla-zamora"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Sacta Dom\u00ednguez R. Ecuador: Medidas urgentes ante aumento de casos de fiebre amarilla y tos ferina [internet]. El Mercurio. 3 mayo 2025. Spanish [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/elmercurio.com.ec\/actualidad\/2025\/05\/03\/ecuador-medidas-urgentes-ante-incremento-de-casos-de-fiebre-amarilla-y-tos-ferina\/"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Gaceta vectorial SE18 a SE32 de 2025. Quito: Ministry of Public Health; 2025. Spanish [cited 2025 Oct 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.salud.gob.ec\/gacetas-vectoriales-2025\/"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica en Ecuador reporta un mes sin nuevos casos de fiebre amarilla [Internet]. Edici\u00f3n M\u00e9dica. 14 julio 2025. Spanish [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.edicionmedica.ec\/secciones\/salud-publica\/vigilancia-epidemiologica-en-ecuador-reporta-un-mes-sin-nuevos-casos-de-fiebre-amarilla-103664"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simons H, Patel D. International Health Regulations in practice: focus on yellow fever and poliomyelitis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(10):2690\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2016.1218100","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1218100"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Ley General de Salud. Santo Domingo: Government of the Dominican Republic. 2001. Spanish."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Decree 309-07. Santo Domingo: Government of the Dominican Republic. 2007. Spanish."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Resolution 000004. Santo Domingo: Dominican Republic Ministry of Public Health. 2020. Spanish."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Manual de procedimientos de vigilancia entomol\u00f3gica y manejo integrado de vectores. Santo Domingo: Dominican Republic Ministry of Public Health. 2018. Spanish."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Ministerial Agreement 0000472. Quito: Ecuador Ministry of Public Health. 2008. Spanish."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Estrategia de gesti\u00f3n integrada para la vigilancia, prevenci\u00f3n y control de las enfermedades arbovirales en Ecuador. Quito: Ecuador Ministry of Public Health. 2019. Spanish."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Manual procedimientos del subsistema alerta-acci\u00f3n, SIVE-Alerta. Quito: Ecuador Ministry of Public Health. 2013. Spanish."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Gacetas vectoriales. Quito: Ecuador Ministry of Public Health. 2017\u20132025. Spanish [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.salud.gob.ec\/gacetas-vectoriales\/"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Decreto 65-91. Tegucigalpa: Honduras Supreme Court of Justice. 1991. Spanish [cited 2025 Aug 20]. Available from: https:\/\/arsateca.arsa.hn\/decreto-no-65-91-codigo-de-salud-de-honduras\/"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Gu\u00eda de epidemiolog\u00eda. Tegucigalpa; Ministry of Health; 2015. Spanish."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettan-Brewer C, Martins AF, de Abreu DPB, Brand\u00e3o APD, Barbosa DS, Figueroa DP, et al. From the approach to the concept: One Health in Latin America \u2013 experiences and perspectives in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. Front Public Health. 2021;9:687110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.687110","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.687110"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman HJ, Veras-Est\u00e9vez BA. Integrating One Health topics to enhance health workers\u2019 leadership in health promotion activities. Glob Health Promot. 2023;30(2):40\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17579759221126143","DOI":"10.1177\/17579759221126143"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman HJ, Dunham B. Engaging with \u2018One Health\u2019 audiences. Clin Teach. 2020;17(3):332\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tct.13107","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13107"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Organisation for Animal Health. Competencies for one health field epidemiology (COHFE) framework. Geneva: WHO, FAO, WOAH; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20506\/cohfe.3432","DOI":"10.20506\/cohfe.3432"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parra-Henao G, Usme-Ciro JA, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ni\u00f1o JA, Henao-Mart\u00ednez AF. Yellow fever\u2019s distressing return: a wake-up call for public health in the Americas. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2025;12:20499361251359017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361251359017","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361251359017"}],"container-title":["Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/bitstreams\/8d9adf0d-727f-47c1-b90d-ad6561b13063\/download","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:22:33Z","timestamp":1776090153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/70915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["RPSP.2026.31"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/rpsp.2026.31","relation":{},"ISSN":["1020-4989","1680-5348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1020-4989","type":"print"},{"value":"1680-5348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]}}}