{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:08:55Z","timestamp":1785409735249,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Istanbul University","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["eor"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">PurposeTo determine whether low serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with clinical parameters and positively correlated with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) 25(OH)D\u2083, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083, LL-37 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) levels in periodontitis patients with well-controlled type-2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and MethodsTwenty-six well-controlled T2DM patients with periodontitis and Vitamin D insufficiency (Vit.D-IS group), and 15 well-controlled T2DM patients with periodontitis and Vitamin D sufficiency (Vit.D-S group) were included. Papilla bleeding index, bleeding on probing (BOP), supragingival plaque, clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated. GCF total amounts of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083, LL-37 and TNF-\u03b1 were analyzed by ELISA. Serum 25(OH)D\u2083 levels were determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.ResultsWhole mouth CAL and BOP scores were higher in the Vit.D-IS group than those of Vit.D-S group (P=0.038, P=0.048, respectively). Whole mouth PD and plaque values were comparable in both groups. Differences were not detected in GCF 25(OH)D\u2083, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083, LL- 37 and TNF-\u03b1 levels between Vit.D-IS and Vit.D-S groups. Serum 25(OH)D\u2083 levels were adversely associated with CAL and BOP scores (P=0.018, P=0.049, respectively). Also, GCF 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 total amounts were positively related with GCF LL-37 total amounts (P=0.0001).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D\u2083 insufficiency was related to periodontal inflammation and destruction in periodontitis patients with well-controlled T2DM. However, GCF 25(OH)D\u2083, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083, TNF-\u03b1 and LL-37 total amounts were not correlated with serum vitamin D levels. We have opinion that obtaining and maintenance of periodontal health should be included in the diabetic treatment<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26650\/eor.20261785247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1783336826000},"page":"298-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26650\/iucrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interaction between vitamin D insufficiency and periodontitis, GCF vitamin D and LL-37 levels in well-controlled diabetes patients with periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.26650","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-0130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oya","family":"T\u00fcrko\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02eaafc18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000110922592","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ege \u00dcniversitesi","place":["Izmir Turkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-2802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00fclnihal","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02eaafc18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000110922592","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ege \u00dcniversitesi","place":["Izmir Turkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-2062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u015eevki","family":"\u00c7etinkalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University","place":["\u0130zmir T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8459-4373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harika","family":"Atmaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/053f2w588","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000405956052","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Manisa Cel\u00e2l Bayar \u00dcniversitesi","place":["Manisa Turkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-4411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00fcl","family":"Atilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02eaafc18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000110922592","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ege \u00dcniversitesi","place":["Izmir Turkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11192","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1748340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bikle Daniel D. 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