{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:21:28Z","timestamp":1765808488456,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO\/EMRO)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["East Mediterr Health J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Socioeconomic inequalities can affect vaccine acceptability and the effectiveness of vaccination programmes.\nAim: To investigate income inequality in willingness to vaccinate and identify its determinants in the Islamic Republic of Iran.\nMethod: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hamadan City, Islamic Republic of Iran, in February and March 2021. It collected  data from 864 respondents using a structured questionnaire and  analysed them using Stata version 14. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of covariates on willingness to vaccinate within income groups and a multivariate decomposition technique  was applied to evaluate the factors influencing willingness to vaccinate across groups.\nResults: We found that 39.2% of the participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccination. Fewer participants in the low-income group than those in high-income group (33.5% vs 49.1%; P &lt; 0.001) were willing to accept the vaccination. Female sex, having elderly family members and witnessing COVID-19-related deaths among relatives were primary contributors to the willingness to accept  vaccination. In contrast, being employed, previous COVID-19 infection and holding a bachelor's degree had the main contradictory effects on the inequality of willingness to vaccinate. Conclusion: The differences in income level among the participants affected their willingness to vaccinate. There is therefore a need for targeted interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and vaccination effectiveness among the different income groups within the study population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26719\/2025.31.7.436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T01:34:17Z","timestamp":1754271257000},"page":"436-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Income inequality and willingness to accept COVID-19  vaccination in Islamic Republic of Iran"],"prefix":"10.26719","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Vajihe","family":"Ramezani-Doroh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Badiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Khoramrooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11263","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"container-title":["Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/applications.emro.who.int\/EMHJ\/V31\/07\/1020-3397-2025-3107-436-445-eng.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T01:34:17Z","timestamp":1754271257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/applications.emro.who.int\/EMHJ\/V31\/07\/1020-3397-2025-3107-436-445-eng.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26719\/2025.31.7.436","relation":{},"ISSN":["1020-3397","1687-1634"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1020-3397"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-1634"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}}}