{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:09:50Z","timestamp":1790665790491,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3048,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In horses at a trot, the head moves up and down twice in one stride. In horses with unilateral forelimb lameness this movement is asymmetric. Computer\u2010assisted kinematic analysis of vertical head movement can be used to quantify objectively lameness in horses in clinical trials. However, in mild lameness, absolute measurements of vertical head height may not be sensitive enough to detect small differences in lameness, and extraneous head movement by the horse due to curiosity, excitement or nervousness interferes with the accurate measurement of vertical head movement asymmetry. We describe a simple, signal\u2010decompensation method of evaluating vertical head movement using a model of induced mild foot lameness in 9 horses. The technique assumes that the vertical head movement pattern can be broken down into 3 components; the vertical head movement caused by forelimb lameness (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the amplitude of the natural biphasic vertical head movement (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and extraneous head movement. Extraneous head movement is mathematically removed from the vertical head movement pat tern.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    are then calculated. After induction of lameness, mean\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    increased by 1.63 cm (range 0.10\u20133.33 cm, P = 0.005). Mean\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    did not significantly change after lameness induction. Error in reproduction of the original head movement pattern was 0.3\u20130.5%. We calculated that a hypothetical clinical trial would require 12 subjects for testing to be 80% certain that this difference would be successfully detected using this method of lameness evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776254781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"446-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Signal decomposition method of evaluating head movement to measure induced forelimb lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"K. G.","family":"KEEGAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. F.","family":"PAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"WILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"239","volume-title":"A curve\u2010fitting technique for evaluating head movement to measure forelimb lameness in horses","author":"Keegan K.G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.03.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.11.1370","article-title":"Evaluation of mild lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill: agreement by clinicians and interns or residents and correlation of their assessments with kinematic gait analysis","volume":"59","author":"Keegan K.G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00179-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.09.1535","article-title":"Computer\u2010assisted three\u2010dimensional gait analysis of amphotericin\u2010induced carpal lameness in horses","volume":"54","author":"Peloso J.G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.09.1527","article-title":"Effects of hylan on amphotericin\u2010induced carpal lameness in equids","volume":"54","author":"Peloso J.G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Kinematic Symmetry Index: a method for quantifying the horse locomotion symmetry using kinematic data","volume":"28","author":"Pourcelot P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.07.713","article-title":"Modeling study of compensatory head movements in lame horses","volume":"58","author":"Vorstenbosch M.A.T.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2746%2F042516401776254781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2746\/042516401776254781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:01:10Z","timestamp":1762074070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2746\/042516401776254781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2746\/042516401776254781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/042516401776254781","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}