{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:23:15Z","timestamp":1791858195314,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1771,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Extraction of cheek teeth (CT) by the conventional repulsion technique requires general anaesthesia and carries a high rate of post operative complications. Consequently, an alternative method of extraction, i.e. orally in standing horses, was evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Hypothesis<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The need for and risks of general anaesthesia could be avoided and post extraction sequelae reduced by performing extractions orally in standing horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : One hundred mainly younger horses (median age 8, range 2\u201018 years) with firmly attached CT that required extraction because of apical infections, displacements, diastemata, idiopathic fractures and the presence of supernumerary CT had the affected teeth (n = 111) extracted orally under standing sedation. Follow\u2010up information was obtained for all cases, a median of 16 months later.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Oral extraction was successful in 89 horses and unsuccessful in 11 due to damage to the CT clinical crown (n = 9) during extraction, for behavioural reasons (n = 1) and because the apex of a partly extracted CT fell back into the alveolus following sectioning (n = 1). Predispositions to extraction\u2010related CT fractures were present in 5 of the 9 cases, i.e. advanced dental caries (n = 2) and pre\u2010existing \u2018idiopathic\u2019 fractures (n = 3). The iatrogenically fractured CT were later repulsed under standing sedation (n = 3) and under general anaesthesia (n = 6).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty\u2010one of the remaining 89 horses had successful oral CT extraction with no or minimal intra\u2010 or post operative complications occurring. Post operative complications in the other 8 cases included post extraction alveolar sequestration (n = 3), alveolar sequestration and localised osteomyelitis (n = 1), localised osteomyelitis (n = 1), incorporation of alveolar packing material into alveolar granulation tissue (n = 1), and nasal discharge due to continued intranasal presence of purulent food material (n = 1) and to ongoing sinusitis (n = 1). The above sequelae were treated successfully in all cases, with general anaesthesia required in just one case. Following oral extraction, significantly (P&lt;0.001) fewer post operative problems developed in 54 horses with apically infected CT in comparison with 71 previous cases that had repulsion of apically infected CT at our clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions and potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Oral extraction of cheek teeth is a successful technique in the majority of younger horses with firmly attached CT and greatly reduces the post operative sequelae, compared with CT repulsion. Additionally, the costs and risks of general anaesthesia are avoided. Further experience and refinement in the described protocol could potentially increase the success of this procedure and also reduce the incidence of post operative sequelae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054223822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Standing oral extraction of cheek teeth in 100 horses (1998\u20102003)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"P. M.","family":"DIXON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"DACRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"DACRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. H.","family":"TREMAINE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McCANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"BARAKZAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Proceedings of 42nd British Equine Veterinary Association Congress","author":"Boussauw B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Dacre I.(2004)A Pathological Histological and Ultrastructural Study of Diseased Equine Teeth.PhD Thesis University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"628","article-title":"Dental extraction and endodontic techniques in horses","volume":"19","author":"Dixon P.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400776563581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Equine dental disease \u2010 a long term study of 400 cases: Part 3 \u2010 Disorders of wear, traumatic damage, other fractures, tumours and miscellaneous disorders of the cheek teeth Equine vet","volume":"32","author":"Dixon P.M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2004.tb00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Equine Dentistry","author":"Easley J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1994.tb01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Lane J.G.(1997)Equine dental extraction \u2010 repulsion vs. lateral buccotomy Techniques and results. In:Proceedings of the World Veterinary Dental. Congress Birmingham . pp135\u2013138."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery, Vol. 1, Animal Dentistry and Diseases of the Mouth, Extraction with Forceps","author":"Merillat L.A.","year":"1905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Dollar's Veterinary Surgery","author":"O'Connor J.J.","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Results of endodontic therapy for periapical infection in nineteen equine CT","volume":"46","author":"Schramme M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Tremaine W.H.(1997)Oral extraction of equine cheek teeth: a Victorian technique revisited. In:Proceedings of the World Veterinary Dental Congress Birmingham. pp139\u2013143."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2004.tb00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249787"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"The Horse","author":"Youtt W.","year":"1846"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2746%2F0425164054223822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2746\/0425164054223822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T12:06:43Z","timestamp":1762085203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2746\/0425164054223822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2746\/0425164054223822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/0425164054223822","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}