{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:30:45Z","timestamp":1771007445438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1830,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Structural changes in articular cartilage associated with the ageing process require definition for investigators performing developmental and age\u2010related studies, for which information is lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n                    : To 1) determine the onset and end of puberty as defined by serum insulin like growth factor (IGF\u2010I) and IGF\u2010binding protein\u20103 (IGFBP\u20103) concentrations and 2) correlate articular\u2010epiphyseal cartilage complex structural changes with the onset and end of puberty.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : IGF\u20101 and IGFBP\u20103 were measured in serum samples from normal female and male horses age 9\u2010715 days to determine peak and steady\u2010state values for horses transitioning through puberty. Osteochondral tissue sections were obtained from horses age 120\u2010840 days (4\u201028 months) and examined histologically for cartilage canals and tidemark formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : In male and female horses, serum IGF\u20101\/IGFBP\u20103 concentrations peaked at approximately 225 days, defining the onset of puberty. Cartilage canals were absent from articular cartilage just prior to this time point. IGF\u20101\/IGFBP\u20103 concentrations declined to steady\u2010state levels at approximately age 450 days, signalling exit from puberty and therefore the beginning of ageing. This time point correlated to initial formation of a tidemark in the osteochondral tissue sections.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Horses may be considered pubescent at age 225\u2010450 days, and post pubescent and ageing after age 450 days.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Defining the normal post natal to post pubescent concentrations for serum IGF\u2010I and serum IGFBP\u20103 establishes subsets of animals for age\u2010related studies and may be used to monitor horses for abnormally high IGF\u20101 concentrations due to natural disease or subsequent to systemic growth hormone administration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054406838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"37-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Age\u2010related changes in serum insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I, insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I binding protein\u20103 and articular cartilage structure in Thoroughbred horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"L. 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