{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1781345778848,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1465,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) was diagnosed in 3 horses maintained on lush, grass\u2010based pasture. This contrasted with North American studies which identified limited or no access to green herbage as an important risk factor for EMND.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Hypothesis<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Grazing horses that have an apparently adequate intake of pasture herbage to meet normal equine vitamin E requirements can develop EMND.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Owners of 32 European horses diagnosed with EMND completed a questionnaire regarding intrinsic, managemental, nutritional and environmental factors that could potentially be risk factors for EMND, and also regarding clinical signs, treatments and case outcome. Plasma\/serum vitamin E data for these horses were supplied by the veterinarians. No control population was studied.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Thirteen of 32 horses (termed the \u2018grazing\u2019 group) had part\u2010 or full\u2010time access to grass\u2010based pasture at the onset of EMND (median duration at pasture 12 h\/day, range 3\u201324 h). Five of these horses were at pasture for at least 23.5 h\/day at the onset of EMND, 2 of which were at pasture for at least 23.5 h\/day throughout the year. Despite grazing, all these horses had a low vitamin E status. The remaining 19 horses resembled those cases reported from North America, in that they had no or limited access to pasture.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions and potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : A diagnosis of EMND should not be discounted on the basis that a horse has access, even full\u2010time, to lush grass\u2010based pasture. Inadequate vitamin E intake was probably not the sole cause of either the EMND or the low vitamin E status in the grazing horses; the latter was probably the result of abnormal bioavailability or excessive utilisation of vitamin E.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406775374207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"47-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Horses on pasture may be affected by equine motor neuron disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"B. C.","family":"MCGORUM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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