{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:27:09Z","timestamp":1770751629017,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1465,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE\u2010mediated allergic dermatitis caused by bites of\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Simulium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, and improved means of diagnosis are required.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The cellular antigen simulation test (CAST\u00ae) with\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. vittatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts was assessed in a population of IBH\u2010affected and healthy horses. Variations in test results over a one year period and possible cross\u2010reactivity between different insect extracts was studied.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : A total of 314 mature horses were studied using the CAST. Influence of severity of clinical signs, gender and age were evaluated, and 32 horses were tested repeatedly over one year. The kappa reliability test was used to assess agreement of the test results with different insect extracts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Horses with IBH had significantly higher sLT release than controls with\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. vittatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity levels were attained when using adult\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts with the CAST (78% and 97%, respectively), suggesting that most horses with IBH are sensitised against\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    allergens. A proportion of IBH\u2010affected horses was found to be sensitised to allergens of\n                    <jats:italic>Simulium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in addition to those of\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The CAST with\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    had positive and negative predictive values \u226580% for a true prevalence of IBH of 12\u201352%. In the follow\u2010up study, the proportion of IBH\u2010affected horses with a positive test result ranged from 90% in November to 68% in March. Severity of clinical signs or age did not influence test results significantly. However, IBH\u2010affected males achieved significantly more positive test results than IBH\u2010affected females.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The CAST with adult\n                    <jats:italic>C. nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has high specificity and good sensitivity for diagnosis of IBH. Horses with IBH are mainly sensitised to\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    allergens, and some horses are additionally also sensitised to allergens in\n                    <jats:italic>Simulium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The CAST is likely to be a useful test for diagnosis of IBH, even allowing the identification of IBH\u2010affected but asymptomatic horses. This test may also help in further characterisation of allergens involved in this condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406775374333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Evaluation of an\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    sulphidoleukotriene release test for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"BASELGIA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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