{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:26:07Z","timestamp":1792689967502,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1406,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n : Fatalities resulting from horse falls occurring during the cross\u2010country phase of eventing competitions initiated epidemiological investigation of the risk factors associated with horse falls.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n : To identify variables that increased or decreased the risk of a horse fall during the cross\u2010country phase of an eventing competition.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods<\/jats:italic>\n : Data were collected from randomly selected British Eventing competitions held in Great Britain during 2001 and 2002. Data were obtained for 173 cases (jumping efforts resulting in a fall of the horse\u2010and\u2010rider partnership) and 503 matched controls (jumping efforts not resulting in a fall). The risk of falling was modelled using conditional logistic regression.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\n : An increased risk of a horse fall was associated with jumping into or out of water; taking off from good\u2010to\u2010soft, soft or heavy ground; fences with a drop landing; nonangled fences with a spread \u2265\n 2 m; and angled fences. Other risk factors included riders who knew that they were in the lead within the competition before the cross\u2010country phase; an inappropriate speed of approach to the fence (too fast or too slow); horse\u2010and\u2010rider partnerships that had not incurred refusals at earlier fences; and riders who received cross\u2010country tuition<\/jats:bold>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n : This study has identified modifiable course\u2010 and fence\u2010level risk factors for horse falls during the cross\u2010country phase of eventing competitions. The risk of horse and rider injury at eventing competitions should be reduced by 3 simple measures; maintaining good to firm take\u2010off surfaces at fences, reducing the base spread of fences to <2 m and reducing the use of fences at which horses are required to jump into or out of water. Risk reduction arising from course and fence modification needs to be confirmed by intervention studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n : Knowledge of factors that increase or decrease the risk of a horse fall can be used by UK governing bodies of the sport to reduce the risk of horse falls on the cross\u2010country phase of eventing competitions, and reduce the risk of horse and rider injuries and fatalities. As one in 3 horses that fall injure themselves and one in 100 horse falls results in fatality to the horse, we suggest that immediate consideration is given to these recommendations.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776563314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1176404607000},"page":"158-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The risk of a horse\u2010and\u2010rider partnership falling on the crosscountry phase of eventing competitions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"J. K.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Proudman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. P.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Anon(2001)The International Eventing Safety Committee Reporthttp:www.fei.chPDFSC05_03200020Safety20report.pdf[Last accessed 20.01.06]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"British Eventing Rules","author":"Anon","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00011-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00309-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90038-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"679","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of landing surfaces with different stiffnesses","author":"Fukuda H.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biomech"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Medical Statistics","author":"Kirkwood B.R.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods","author":"Kleinbaum D.G.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.7.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044877332","article-title":"Race\u2010 and course\u2010level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds","volume":"6","author":"Parkin T.D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00098-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403776114180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Walcott K.(2003)Frangible pins: making cross country jumps safer.www.thehorse.comArticle 4424 [Available to subscribers only]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.3.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1982.tb01384.x"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2746%2F042516406776563314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2746\/042516406776563314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:32:26Z","timestamp":1762083146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2746\/042516406776563314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2746\/042516406776563314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/042516406776563314","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}