{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:44:08Z","timestamp":1788601448969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : There is a lack of evidence\u2010based data on the prevalence, outcome and risk factors of distal limb cast sores, and no objective tool has been described for the early detection of cast sores.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n                    : To investigate the prevalence, location, outcome and risk factors of cast sores after application of a distal limb cast and to determine whether static thermography of the cast is a valuable tool for the assessment of sores.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : A prospective study was conducted on horses treated with a distal limb cast. At each cast removal, cast sores were graded as superficial sores (SS), deep dermal sores (DS) or full thickness skin ulcerations (FS). In several cases, a thermographic evaluation of the cast was performed immediately prior to removal and differences in temperature (\u0394T) between the coolest point of the cast and 2 cast regions predisposed for sore development (dorsoproximal mc\/mtIII and palmar\/plantar fetlock) were calculated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Mean \u00b1 s.d. total casting time of 70 horses was 31 \u00b1 18 days. Overall, 57 legs (81%) developed at least SS. Twenty\u2010four legs (34%) ultimately developed DS and one horse had an FS. Multivariable analysis showed that the severity of sores was positively associated with increasing age (OR: 1.111, P = 0.028), a normal (vs. swollen) limb (OR: 3.387, P = 0.023) and an increase in total casting time (OR per week: 1.363, P = 0.002). The thermographic evaluation (35 casts) revealed that the severity of sores was positively associated with increasing \u0394T (OR: 2.100, P = 0.0005). The optimal cut\u2010off values for the presence of SS and DS were set at, respectively, \u0394T = 2.3 and 4.3\u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion and potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Distal limb cast is a safe coaptation technique with increasing risk of developing sores with time. Thermography is a valuable and rapid clinical tool to monitor the development of cast sores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408x343046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T19:11:29Z","timestamp":1230145889000},"page":"18-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Distal limb cast sores in horses: Risk factors and early detection using thermography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Levet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Devisscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vlaminck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B1-41-600123-9\/50020-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Resin impregnated foam as a cast liner on the distal equine limb","volume":"37","author":"Bramlage L.R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. 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