{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:16:09Z","timestamp":1791180969226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:italic>\n : The exact relationship between the saddle pressure pattern during one stride cycle and the movements of horse and rider at the walk are poorly understood and have never been investigated in detail.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis<\/jats:italic>\n : The movements of rider and horse account for the force distribution pattern under the saddle.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Method<\/jats:italic>\n : Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), kinematics of horse and rider as well as saddle forces (FS) were measured synchronously in 7 high level dressage horses while being ridden on an instrumented treadmill at walk. Discrete values of the total saddle forces (FStot) were determined for each stride and related to kinematics and GRF. The pressure sensitive mat was divided into halves and sixths to assess the force distribution over the horse's back in more detail. Differences were tested using a one sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n test (P<0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\n : FStot of all the horses showed 3 peaks (P1\u2010P3) and 3 minima (M1\u2010M3) in each half\u2010cycle, which were systematically related to the footfall sequence of the walk. Looking at the halves of the mat, force curves were 50% phase\u2010shifted. The analysis of the FS of the 6 sections showed a clear association to the rider's and horse's movements.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n : The saddle force distribution during an entire stride cycle has a distinct pattern although the force fluctuations of the FStot are small. The forces in the front thirds were clearly related to the movement of the front limbs, those in the mid part to the lateral flexion of the horse's spine and the loading of the hind part was mainly influenced by the axial rotation and lateral bending of the back.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Potential relevance<\/jats:italic>\n : These data can be used as a reference for comparing different types of saddle fit.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409x397136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1235673310000},"page":"285-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Relationship between the forces acting on the horse's back and the movements of rider and horse while walking on a treadmill"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"von Peinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wiestner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bogisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Roepstorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Van Weeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Weishaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Vergleichende Untersuchung von elektronischen Satteldruckmessungen beim Pferd im Stand und in der Bewegung","author":"Bojer M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1994.9694509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"The Dynamic Horse","author":"Clayton H.M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044848235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(06)81667-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"51","volume-title":"The Horse's Pain\u2010free Back and Saddle\u2010Fit Book","author":"Harman J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1998.0334"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of the longissimus dorsi muscles in horses when walking on a treadmill","author":"Licka T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20050201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20050301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044848091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(96)80114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Rhodin M.(2008)A Biomechanical Analysis of Relationship between the Head and Neck Position Vertebral Column and Limbs in the Horse at Walk and Trot Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"124","volume-title":"Saddle force measurements in relation to ground reaction forces in different head neck positions in the ridden horse","author":"Peinen K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Druckmessungen unter dem Sattel: eine Studie mit einem elektronischen Sattel\u2010Messsystem (Novel GmbH)","volume":"18","author":"Werner D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05577.x"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2746%2F042516409X397136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2746\/042516409X397136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:17:56Z","timestamp":1762075076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2746\/042516409X397136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2746\/042516409X397136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/042516409x397136","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}