{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:14:13Z","timestamp":1768486453520,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The trend in reported case counts of invasive <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>), a potentially severe food-borne disease, has been increasing since 2008. In 2015, 2,224 cases were reported in the European Union\/European Economic Area (EU\/EEA). We aimed to validate the microbiological and epidemiological aspects of an envisaged EU\/EEA-wide surveillance system enhanced by routine whole genome sequencing (WGS). <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> WGS and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) were performed on isolates from 2,726 cases from 27 EU\/EEA countries from 2010\u201315. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Quality controls for contamination, mixed <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic> cultures and sequence quality classified nearly all isolates with a minimum average coverage of the genome of 55x as acceptable for analysis. Assessment of the cgMLST variation between six different pipelines revealed slightly less variation associated with assembly-based analysis compared to reads-based analysis. Epidemiological concordance, based on 152 isolates from 19 confirmed outbreaks and a cluster cutoff of seven allelic differences, was good (sensitivity &gt;\u00a095% for two cgMLST schemes of 1,748 and 1,701 loci each; PPV 58\u201268%). The proportion of sporadic cases was slightly below 50%. Of remaining isolates, around one third were in clusters involving more than one country, often spanning several years. Detection of multi-country clusters was on average several months earlier when pooling the data at EU\/EEA level, compared with first detection at national level. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: These findings provide a good basis for comprehensive EU\/EEA-wide, WGS-enhanced surveillance of listeriosis. Time limits should not be used for hypothesis generation during outbreak investigations, but should be for analytical studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es.2018.23.33.1700798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T13:55:12Z","timestamp":1534427712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.es.crp2020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Retrospective validation of whole genome sequencing-enhanced surveillance of listeriosis in Europe, 2010 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.2807","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ivo","family":"Van Walle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Jonas Torgny","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Cormican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Dallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Mossong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire national de sant\u00e9, Dudelange, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Pietzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6sterreichische Agentur f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Ern\u00e4hrungssicherheit, Graz\/Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Ruppitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6sterreichische Agentur f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Ern\u00e4hrungssicherheit, Graz\/Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Takkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"name":"European Listeria WGS typing group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"7995","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70870-9","article-title":"The global burden of listeriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"de Noordhout","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30521-7","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study.","volume":"17","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2011.035","article-title":"Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review.","volume":"39","author":"Lamont","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"r4","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases. Stockholm: ECDC. [Accessed: 10 Mar 2016]. Available from: http:\/\/atlas.ecdc.europa.eu"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-11","article-title":"What is the incubation period for listeriosis?","volume":"13","author":"Goulet","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(02)00312-4","article-title":"Adaptive and cross-adaptive responses of persistent and non-persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains to disinfectants.","volume":"82","author":"Lund\u00e9n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.8.1866","article-title":"An 8-year surveillance of the diversity and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in a chilled food processing plant analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism.","volume":"70","author":"Keto-Timonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.9","article-title":"PulseNet USA: a five-year update.","volume":"3","author":"Gerner-Smidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw242","article-title":"Implementation of Nationwide Real-time Whole-genome Sequencing to Enhance Listeriosis Outbreak Detection and Investigation.","volume":"63","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16185","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.185","article-title":"Whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"2","author":"Moura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.170336","article-title":"Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing for Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes, France.","volume":"23","author":"Moura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"r12","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). ECDC roadmap for integration of molecular and genomic typing into European-level surveillance and epidemic preparedness \u2013 Version 2.1, 2016-2019. Stockholm: ECDC; 2016. 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Expert Opinion on the introduction of next-generation typing methods for food- and waterborne diseases in the EU and EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. 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