{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T21:57:42Z","timestamp":1776722262487,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Surveillance of human leishmaniasis in Europe is mostly limited to country-specific information from autochthonous infections in the southern part. As at the end of 2021, no integrated analysis has been performed for cases seen across centres in different European countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To provide a broad perspective on autochthonous and imported leishmaniasis cases in endemic and non-endemic countries in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively collected records from cutaneous, mucosal and visceral leishmaniasis cases diagnosed in 15 centres between 2014 and 2019. Centres were located in 11 countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Data on country of infection, reason for travelling, infecting species, age and sex were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We obtained diagnostic files from 1,142 cases, of which 76%, 21% and 3% had cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal disease, respectively. Of these, 68% were men, and 32% women, with the median age of 37 years (range: 0\u201390) at diagnosis. Visceral leishmaniasis was mainly acquired in Europe (88%; 167\/190), while cutaneous leishmaniasis was primarily imported from outside Europe (77%; 575\/749). Sixty-two percent of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from outside Europe were from the Old World, and 38% from the New World. Geographic species distribution largely confirmed known epidemiology, with notable exceptions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study confirms previous reports regarding geographic origin, species, and traveller subgroups importing leishmaniasis into Europe. We demonstrate the importance of pooling species typing data from many centres, even from areas where the aetiology is presumably known, to monitor changing epidemiology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es.2022.27.4.2002028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T10:15:29Z","timestamp":1643364929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.es.crp2020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Surveillance of leishmaniasis cases from 15 European centres, 2014 to 2019: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.2807","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gert","family":"Van der Auwera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Davidsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Buffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hopital Necker, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Gramiccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Chicharro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Aldert","family":"Bart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Gundel","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt \u2013 Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Brekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Robert-Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jaco J","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Scarabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u2018Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2019, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Karlsson S\u00f6birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Gu\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital priv\u00e9 du Confluent, Nantes, France"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"van Henten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Trentina","family":"Di Muccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell' Emilia-Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019, Brescia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"van Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Vandeputte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"name":"LeishMan Surveillance network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"7995","reference":[{"issue":"10151","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis.","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071589","article-title":"Spread of vector-borne diseases and neglect of Leishmaniasis, Europe.","volume":"14","author":"Dujardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19505","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19505-en","article-title":"Leishmaniasis emergence in 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