{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:29:23Z","timestamp":1768829363402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>European-specific policies for tuberculosis (TB) elimination require identification of key populations that benefit from TB screening.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to identify groups of foreign-born individuals residing in European countries that benefit most from targeted TB prevention screening.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Tuberculosis Network European Trials group collected, by cross-sectional survey, numbers of foreign-born TB patients residing in European Union (EU) countries, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 from the 10 highest ranked countries of origin in terms of TB cases in each country of residence. Tuberculosis incidence rates (IRs) in countries of residence were compared with countries of origin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data on 9,116 foreign-born TB patients in 30 countries of residence were collected. Main countries of origin were Eritrea, India, Pakistan, Morocco, Romania and Somalia. Tuberculosis IRs were highest in patients of Eritrean and Somali origin in Greece and Malta (both\u2009&gt;\u20091,000\/100,000) and lowest among Ukrainian patients in Poland (3.6\/100,000). They were mainly lower in countries of residence than countries of origin. However, IRs among Eritreans and Somalis in Greece and Malta were five times higher than in Eritrea and Somalia. Similarly, IRs among Eritreans in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK were four times higher than in Eritrea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Country of origin TB IR is an insufficient indicator when targeting foreign-born populations for active case finding or TB prevention policies in the countries covered here. Elimination strategies should be informed by regularly collected country-specific data to address rapidly changing epidemiology and associated risks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es.2023.28.42.2300051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T10:15:43Z","timestamp":1697796943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.es.crp2020","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Tuberculosis incidence in foreign-born people residing in European countries in 2020"],"prefix":"10.2807","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"Vasiliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Global and Immigrant Health, Global Tuberculosis Program, Houston, Texas, United States"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ekkehardt","family":"Altpeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Division of Communicable Diseases, Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Tinna R\u00e1n","family":"\u00c6gisd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National University Hospital of Iceland, Pharmaceutical Services, Reykjavik, Iceland"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Amerali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Control Office, Department of Respiratory Infections, Directorate for Epidemiological Surveillance & Intervention, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Wouter Arrazola","family":"de O\u00f1ate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Association of Respiratory Health and TB Control, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Belgian Lung and Tuberculosis Association, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Bakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koranyi National Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention of Communicable Diseases and International Prophylaxis, General Direction of Health Prevention, Ministry of Health of Italy, Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Daniela Maria","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Reinout","family":"van Crevel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Edita","family":"Davidaviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University hospital Santaros Klinikos, Department of Tuberculosis State information system, Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Ir\u00e8ne","family":"Demuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias; INNOVA4TB consortium Badalona, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ISPUP \u2013 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto"}]},{"given":"Gunar","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Guthmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, France"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Hatzianastasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Control Office, Department of Respiratory Infections, Directorate for Epidemiological Surveillance & Intervention, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Louise Hedevang","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Zaida","family":"Herrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ur\u0161ka","family":"Hribar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Register of the Republic of Slovenia, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Conny","family":"Huberty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Elmira","family":"Ibraim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marius Nasta Institute of Pulmonology, Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases; Health Service Executive Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Mogens","family":"Jensenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway"}]},{"given":"Kamilla Sigridur","family":"Josefsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate of Health, Iceland"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Korzeniewska-Kosela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Liga","family":"Kuksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, TB and Lung Disease Clinic, Riga, Latvia"}]},{"given":"Heinke","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lienhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Unit\u00e9 Mixte Internationale 233 IRD \u2013 U1175 INSERM - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cardio-thoracic, Pneumophtisiology II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Marius Nasta Institute of Pulmonology, Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Mateja Jankovi\u0107","family":"Makek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department for Lung diseases, Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Muylle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Ziekenhuis (OLV) Aalst, Aalst, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Normark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Analita","family":"Pace-Asciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Superintendence of Public Health, Ministry for Health of Malta, La Valetta, Malta"}]},{"given":"Goranka","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases and Travel Medicine Department with Vaccination Unit, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology ServiceDepartment, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Despo","family":"Pieridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyprus National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Microbiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Rzhepishevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Helmut J.F.","family":"Salzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Johannes-Kepler-University, Linz, Austria and Ignaz Semmelweis Institut, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Resarch, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine 4- Pneumology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria"}]},{"given":"Marta S\u00e1","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Infectious Diseases Diagnostics and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Solovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University Ruzomberok, Ruzomberok, Slovakia"},{"name":"National Institute for TB, Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Sukholytka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czechia"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Svetina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National TB Program and Tuberculosis Registry of Republic of Slovenia, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Tyufekchieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion and Prevention Unit, Directorate Public Health Protection and Health Control, Ministry of Health of Bulgaria, Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Tuula","family":"Vasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Lung Health Association (Filha ry), Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"University of Turku, Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, Turku, 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