{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:13:23Z","timestamp":1792512803536,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diving Hyperb Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: New Zealand (NZ) diving-related fatalities have been reported since the 1960s. The aim is to identify\ncontributing risk factors, including medical, and to inform appropriate preventative strategies.\nMethods: NZ scuba diving fatalities from 2007 to 2016 were searched from multiple sources \u2013 the National Coronial\nInformation System (NCIS); the NZ Chief Coroner\u2019s office; Water Safety NZ Drownbase\u2122 and the NZ Police National\nDive Squad records. For inclusion, a victim must have been wearing a scuba set (which may include a rebreather). A key\nword search of the NCIS was made and the results matched to the other databases. An Excel\u00ae database was created and a\nchain of events analysis (CEA) conducted.\nResults: Forty-eight scuba diving fatalities were identified, 40 men and eight women, average age 47 years (range 17\u221268), 20 of M\u0101ori ethnicity. Thirty-five were classified as overweight (14) or obese (21). Pre-existing medical risk factors were identified, either pre dive or at autopsy, in 37 divers, the commonest being ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 20), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, 18) and hypertension (seven). IHD, LVH and obesity were variously associated with each other. The likely commonest disabling conditions, identified in 32 cases, were asphyxia (15), cardiac (nine) and pulmonary barotrauma\/cerebral arterial gas embolism (five). Multiple environmental and diving practice breaches and poor planning were identified in the CEA, similar to those seen in other studies. Thirty-eight divers had not released their weight belt. Information on resuscitation was limited.\nConclusions: Obesity and cardiovascular disease were common and M\u0101ori appear to be over-represented, both as previously\nreported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm51.4.345-354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T21:14:52Z","timestamp":1639430092000},"page":"345-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Scuba diving-related fatalities in New Zealand, 2007 to 2016"],"prefix":"10.28920","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Lippmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, Australasian Diving Safety Foundation, Canterbury, Victoria, Australia, Royal Life Saving Society Australia, Sydney, Australia 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, Statewide Forensic Medical Services, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11463","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"container-title":["Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:52:02Z","timestamp":1782186722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dhmjournal.com\/images\/IndividArticles\/51Dec\/Lippmann_ScubaFatal2007-2016_2021-41(831).pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28920\/dhm51.4.345-354","relation":{},"ISSN":["2209-1491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2209-1491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]}}}