{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:12:08Z","timestamp":1790435528343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diving Hyperb Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: To develop the diving capacity in the Swedish armed forces the current air decompression tables are under revision. A new decompression table named SWEN21 has been created to have a projected risk level of 1% for decompression sickness (DCS) at the no stop limits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of SWEN21 through the measurement of venous gas emboli (VGE) in a dive series. Methods: A total 154 dives were conducted by 47 divers in a hyperbaric wet chamber. As a proxy for DCS risk serial VGE measurements by echocardiography were conducted and graded according to the Eftedal-Brubakk scale. Measurements were done every 15 minutes for approximately 2 hours after each dive. Peak VGE grades for the different dive profiles were used in a Bayesian approach correlating VGE grade and risk of DCS. Symptoms of DCS were continually monitored. Results: The median (interquartile range) peak VGE grade after limb flexion for a majority of the time-depth combinations, and of SWEN21 as a whole, was 3 (3\u20134) with the exception of two decompression profiles which resulted in a grade of 3.5 (3\u20134) and 4 (4\u20134) respectively. The estimated risk of DCS in the Bayesian model varied between 4.7\u201311.1%. Three dives (2%) resulted in DCS. All symptoms resolved with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Conclusions: This evaluation of the SWEN21 decompression table, using bubble formation measured with echocardiography, suggests that the risk of DCS may be higher than the projected 1%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm53.4.299-305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T22:32:56Z","timestamp":1702593176000},"page":"299-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk assessment of SWEN21 a suggested new dive table for the Swedish armed forces: bubble grades by ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.28920","volume":"53","author":[{"name":"Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Sweden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5522-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Hjelte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Swedish Armed Forces Diving and Naval Medicine Center, Swedish Armed Forces, Karlskrona, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Gothenburg, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Plogmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Swedish Armed Forces Diving and Naval Medicine Center, Swedish Armed Forces, Karlskrona, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e5rten","family":"Silvanius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Swedish Armed Forces Diving and Naval Medicine Center, Swedish Armed Forces, Karlskrona, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, Karlskrona, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Fr\u00e5nberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, Karlskrona, Sweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11463","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"container-title":["Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T22:32:57Z","timestamp":1702593177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dhmjournal.com\/index.php\/journals?view=article&id=325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28920\/dhm53.4.299-305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2209-1491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2209-1491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]}}}