{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T04:14:35Z","timestamp":1749615275531,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diving Hyperb Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Doppler ultrasound is used to detect inert gas bubbles in the body following decompression from dives. Two sites may be monitored, the precordial (PC) and subclavian (SC) positions. PC is the predominant site, allowing observation of bubbles returning from the entire body. However, the SC site provides unambiguous signals, whereas the PC site is noisy and difficult to grade. This retrospective study compared agreement of PC and SC Doppler data.\nMethods: Datasets from the large University of California at San Diego Doppler database were graded on the Kisman Masurel (KM) scale and included: one PC measurement at rest followed by three during movement (n = 4 measurements); this was repeated for the left (n = 4 measurements) and right (n = 4 measurements) SC veins, producing a set of 12 grades. Primary analysis included: agreement between resting PC and SC grades, between movement PC and SC grades, and for unmatched grades, whether the SC grade was higher or lower than PC.\nResults: Four-hundred and fifty-three datasets were available (5,436 individual recordings). At rest, 281 (62.0%) PC and SC grades matched (weighted kappa agreement 0.33, 95% CI \u00b1 0.04), while only 176 (38.9%) movement grades matched (0.29, \u00b1 0.02). Of the unmatched data, resting SC grades were higher than PC in 70.3% and lower in 29.6%; after movement, SC grades were higher in 45.8% and lower in 54.2%.\nConclusions: These data revealed a large discrepancy between PC and SC grades. Overall, this suggests that Doppler observations from both positions will give the most comprehensive representation of bubble load.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm55.1.2-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T22:57:16Z","timestamp":1742252236000},"page":"2-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agreement of precordial and subclavian Doppler ultrasound venous gas emboli grades in a large diving data set"],"prefix":"10.28920","volume":"55","author":[{"name":"SLB Consulting, Home Park Barn, Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria, United Kingdom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S Lesley","family":"Blogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, California, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arian","family":"Azarang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, California, USA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11463","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1 Nishi RY, Brubakk AO, Eftedal OS. Bubble detection. In: Brubakk AO, Neuman,TS, editors. Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Saunders; 2003. p. 501-29."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2 M\u00f8llerl\u00f8kken A, Blogg SL, Doolette DJ, Nishi RY, Pollock NW. Consensus guidelines for the use of ultrasound for diving research. Diving Hyperb Med. 2016;46:26-32. PMID: 27044459. [cited 2024 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/dhmjournal.com\/images\/IndividArticles\/46March\/Mollerlokken_dhm.46.1.26-32.pdf."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3 Hugon J, Metelkina A, Barbaud A, Nishi R, Bouak F, Blatteau JE, et al. Reliability of venous gas embolism detection in the subclavian area for decompression stress assessment following scuba diving. Diving Hyperb Med. 2018;48:132-40. doi: 10.28920\/dhm48.3.132-140. PMID: 30199887. 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Available from: https:\/\/dhmjournal.com\/images\/IndividArticles\/41Sept\/Blogg_dhm.41.3.139-146.pdf."}],"container-title":["Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:29:48Z","timestamp":1749601788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dhmjournal.com\/index.php\/journals?view=article&id=352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28920\/dhm55.1.2-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["2209-1491"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2209-1491"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}