{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:01:56Z","timestamp":1789614116542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diving Hyperb Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Warm-water diving can limit heat dissipation, particularly when performed in fully encapsulating protective gear, leading to substantial thermal and cardiovascular strain that may impair diver safety. Following immersion, removal of hydrostatic support combined with heat-induced vasodilation may reduce central blood volume and increase susceptibility to orthostatic intolerance during egress and recovery. The extent to which this thermal strain impairs post-immersion orthostatic tolerance remains unknown.\nMethods: Four randomised, crossover immersion trials were conducted at 28\u00b0C, 33\u00b0C, 38\u00b0C without precooling (38\u00b0C), and 38\u00b0C with precooling (38\u00b0C + Cool), with subjects wearing fully encapsulating dive gear. Subjects walked for up to 60 minutes at approximately 50% of O2max heart rate (HR) or until core temperature (Tc) reached 38.5\u00b0C, or they voluntarily stopped. Tc, HR, and perceptual measures were recorded every 10 minutes. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed after immersion via a 70\u00b0 head-up tilt test.\nResults: Eight healthy adults completed all aspects of the study. Tc and HR were higher during both 38\u00b0C conditions compared with 28\u00b0C and 33\u00b0C (all P &amp;#x0003C; 0.01) with no differences between 38\u00b0C and 38\u00b0C + Cool. Sweat loss exceeded 1.2 (SD 0.67) L\u22c5h-1 in both 38\u00b0C conditions compared with &amp;#x02264; 0.3 (0.32) L\u22c5h-1 at 28\u00b0C and 33\u00b0C (P &amp;#x0003C; 0.01). Survival analysis showed orthostatic tolerance decreased with increasing thermal stress (log-rank P = 0.027; trend P = 0.003). Precooling did not reduce peak Tc or HR, nor did it improve tolerance time in 38\u00b0C water.\nConclusions: Encapsulated warm-water diving causes heat stress and cardiovascular strain that persists after immersion, impairing orthostatic tolerance. Precooling does not significantly reduce these outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm56.3.271-279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:08:26Z","timestamp":1789610906000},"page":"270-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of drysuit diving in warm water on body temperature and post immersion orthostatic hypotension"],"prefix":"10.28920","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua T","family":"Murphey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayden W","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan L","family":"Worley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Schwob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hostler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11463","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"container-title":["Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:08:26Z","timestamp":1789610906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dhmjournal.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28920\/dhm56.3.271-279","relation":{},"ISSN":["2209-1491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2209-1491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}