{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:32:03Z","timestamp":1788561123739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2069,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS2","EFSA Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food provides a scientific opinion on ferric sodium EDTA added for nutritional purposes to foods for the general population (including food supplements) and to PARNUTS. Iron from ferric sodium EDTA is 2 to 3 times more bioavailable than from other mineral sources. In PARNUTS and food supplements ferric sodium EDTA would provide up to 22.3 mg iron\/day (children) and 11.1 mg\/day (adults). In fortified foods the proposed uses would result in an additional intake of iron of 2.2 mg\/day (children) and 4.8 mg\/day (male adults) on average and of 4.8 mg\/day and 11.3\/day respectively at the 95th percentile. The combined exposure to EDTA in the proposed applications amounts to 8.6 mg\/kg bw\/day (children) and 4.2 mg\/kg bw\/day (adults) on average and to 9.5 mg\/kg bw\/day and 4.8 mg\/kg bw\/day respectively at the 95th percentile. From two 90\u2010day rat studies the Panel derives a NOAEL of 250 mg ferric sodium EDTA\/kg bw\/day. The Panel considers that from the information available there is no safety concern with respect to genotoxicity of ferric sodium EDTA as a source of iron added for nutritional purposes to foodstuffs. Chronic toxicity or carcinogenicity studies have not been provided. However, from relevant studies with other EDTA salts the Panel concludes that ferric sodium EDTA does not raise concern with respect to carcinogenicity. There is no concern on a carcinogenic potential of EDTA. No ADI for EDTA has been established. However, from the ADI of 2.5 mg\/kg bw\/day established for calcium disodium EDTA a value of 1.9 mg EDTA\/kg bw\/day can be calculated. The Panel concludes that ferric sodium EDTA as a source of iron in food supplements, PARNUTS and fortified foods is of no safety concern at the proposed use levels as long as it does not lead to an exposure to EDTA above 1.9 mg EDTA\/kg bw\/day.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T21:36:18Z","timestamp":1464039378000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Scientific Opinion on the use of ferric sodium EDTA as a source of iron added for nutritional purposes to foods for the general population (including food supplements) and to foods for particular nutritional uses"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"8","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"9575","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60817-4","article-title":"Efficacy of iron\u2010fortified whole maize flour on iron status of schoolchildren in Kenya: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Andang'o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00137-X","article-title":"Disposition, accumulation and toxicity of iron fed as iron (II) sulphate or as sodium iron EDTA in rats","volume":"39","author":"Appel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420260308","article-title":"A study of fetal growth retardation in teratological tests: relationship between body weight and ossification of the skeleton in rat fetuses","volume":"26","author":"Ariyuki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.1.156","article-title":"Fortification of curry powder with NaFe(III)EDTA in an iron\u2010deficient population: Initial survey of iron status","volume":"49","author":"Ballot","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.74.6.421","article-title":"The potential role of NaFeEDTA as an iron fortificant","volume":"74","author":"Bothwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2006.05.008","article-title":"Development and validation of a method for the determination of EDTA in non\u2010alcoholic drinks by HPLC","volume":"20","author":"Cagnasso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1414_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.12.2204","article-title":"Iron absorption by humans and swine from Fe(III)\u2010EDTA. 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