{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:50:10Z","timestamp":1791273010096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1248,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS2","EFSA Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated phenols and their derivatives, other than tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) or its derivatives, in food. Brominated phenols and their derivatives comprise a complex group of brominated flame retardants, used as reactive as well as additive flame retardants in a large range of resins and polyester polymers. A call for data was issued by EFSA in December 2009. No data on brominated phenols or their derivatives were submitted to EFSA. A limited number of occurrence data, covering the food group \u201cFish and other seafood\u201d, was identified in the literature. Data from European sampling showed that 2,4,6\u2010tribromophenol (2,4,6\u2010TBP) predominates over the other brominated phenols. Toxicity studies are scarce and mostly relates to 2,4,6\u2010TBP. The main targets are liver and kidneys. In a limited repeated dose oral toxicity study a no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect level (NOAEL) for 2,4,6\u2010TBP of 100 mg\/kg b.w. per day was identified. 2,4,6\u2010TBP was not genotoxic in bacterial tests in vitro, and not in vivo, but induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. No long\u2010term toxicity or carcinogenicity studies with 2,4,6\u2010TBP were identified. The CONTAM Panel concluded that due to the limitations and uncertainties in the current database, the establishment of a health based guidance value for 2,4,6\u2010TBP was not appropriate. Therefore, the Panel derived a margin of exposure to assess the level of possible health concern for high consumers of fish, molluscs and crustaceans. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that current dietary exposure to 2,4,6\u2010TBP in the European Union would raise a health concern. Also exposure of infants to 2,4,6\u2010TBP via breast feeding is unlikely to raise a health concern. Due to lack of data a risk assessment of the other brominated phenols or their derivatives is not possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,22]],"date-time":"2016-05-22T20:28:31Z","timestamp":1463948911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Scientific Opinion on Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food: Brominated Phenols and their Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"10","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1897\/05-342R.1","article-title":"Chemical Characterization of Brominated Flame Retardants and Identification of Structurally Representative Compounds","volume":"25","author":"Andersson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1897\/05-342R.1","article-title":"Chemical charaterization of brominated flame retardants and identification of structurally representative compounds","volume":"25","author":"Andresson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(90)90011-4","article-title":"Off\u2010flavor from commercial crustaceans from the North Atlantic Zone","volume":"18","author":"Anthoni","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14323.x","article-title":"Bromophenol distribution in salmon and selected seafoods of fresh water and saltwater origin","volume":"57","author":"Boyle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi325","article-title":"Inhibition and Induction of Aromatase (CYP19) Activity by Brominated Flame Retardants in H295R Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells","volume":"88","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1021\/jf026082n","article-title":"Seasonal variations of bromophenols in brown algae (Padina arborescens, Sargassum siliquastrum, and Lobophora variegata) collected in Hong Kong","volume":"51","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6752","DOI":"10.1021\/jf034632r","article-title":"Seasonal Distribution of Bromophenols in Selected Hong Kong Seafood","volume":"51","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.11.007","article-title":"Novel brominated flame retardants: A review of their analysis, environmental fate and behaviour","volume":"37","author":"Covaci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref9","volume-title":"Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4\u2010dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments","author":"DCC (Dow Chemical Coorporation)","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref10","volume-title":"Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4\u2010dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments","author":"DCC (Dow Chemical Coorporation)","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref11","volume-title":"The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","author":"Eds Eljarrat","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5130","DOI":"10.1021\/es9001604","article-title":"Determinants of Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Brominated Organic Compounds in Nunavik Inuit Adults (Canada)","volume":"43","author":"Dallaire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00039-9","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Tetrabromobisphenol\u2010S\u2010bis\u2010(2,3\u2010Dibromopropyl Ether) as flame retardant in polypropylene","volume":"39","author":"Dettmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2634_ref14","unstructured":"DSBG\/BCL (Dead Sea Bromine Group\/Bromine Compounds Ltd.) , 1996. 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