{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:57:13Z","timestamp":1778205433332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS2","EFSA Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract L\u2010Tryptophan, technically pure, is a feed additive produced by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain (FERM BP\u201011354). Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA were detected in the final product. lTryptophan manufactured by fermentation with E.coli FERM BP\u201011354 does not give rise to any safety concern for the genetic modifications of the production strain. The L\u2010Tryptophan product produced by E. coli (FERM BP\u201011354) is considered safe for non\u2010ruminant target species when used to supplement the diet in appropriate amounts. The use of unprotected L\u2010Tryptophan in ruminants\u2019 feed should be avoided. L\u2010Tryptophan will be incorporated into proteins of the body of the target animal and any potential excess will be metabolised and excreted. Considering the high purity of the product under assessment, no risks are expected for the consumer from the use of L\u2010Tryptophan produced by E. coli (FERM BP\u201011354) as a feed additive. Safety is further ensured by the low levels (less than 10 mg\/kg additive each) of 1,1\u00a2\u2010ethylidene\u2010bis\u2010L\u2010Tryptophan (EBT) and 1\u2010methyl\u20101, 2,3,4\u2010tetrahydro\u2010beta\u2010carboline\u20103\u2010carboxylic acid (MTCA), previously seen to cause eosinophilia\u2010myalgia syndrome in humans. The FEEDAP Panel considers that the product is not an irritant to the skin or eyes and it is not likely to be a skin sensitiser. Although there is a potential for user exposure by inhalation, there is no evidence of acute toxicity by the inhalation route. L\u2010Tryptophan is a naturally occurring amino acid and its use in animal nutrition is not expected to be of concern to the environment. The additive L\u2010Tryptophan is regarded as an effective source of the amino acid L\u2010Tryptophan. Supplemental L\u2010Tryptophan is degraded by ruminal microorganisms if not given in a protected form.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,22]],"date-time":"2016-05-22T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1463908628000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L\u2010tryptophan produced by Escherichia coli (FERM BP\u201011354) for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted by Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S."],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"12","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00197-7","article-title":"Tetrahydro\u2010\u03b2\u2010carboline\u20103\u2010carboxylic acids and contaminants of l\u2010tryptophan","volume":"881","author":"Adachi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref2","first-page":"3368","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of l\u2010tryptophan produced by Escherichia coli (FERM BP\u201011200) for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS","volume":"11","author":"EFSA FEEDAP Panel (EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed)","year":"2013","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref3","first-page":"3673","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of l\u2010tryptophan technically pure produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG on behalf of Global Bio\u2010Chem Technology","volume":"12","author":"EFSA FEEDAP Panel (EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed)","year":"2014","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref4","first-page":"2740","article-title":"Guidance on the assessment of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance","volume":"10","author":"EFSA FEEDAP Panel (EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed)","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA Journal 2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref5","first-page":"2073","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to l\u2010tryptophan and maintenance of normal sleep (ID 596, 1671), enhancement of mood (ID 596), contribution to normal cognitive function (ID 596), and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 604) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006","volume":"9","author":"EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies)","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref6","volume-title":"Tryptophan, Monograph 01\/2009:1272","author":"European Pharmacopoeia","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref7","first-page":"613","article-title":"Risk assessment of recombinant DNA experimentation with Escherichia coli K12. Proceedings from a workshop at Falmouth, Massachusetts","volume":"137","author":"Gorbach","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663643","article-title":"Monensin and the prevention of tryptophan\u2010induced acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema","volume":"201","author":"Hammond","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.07.002","article-title":"Biological roles of tryptophan and its metabolism: potential implications for pig feeding","volume":"112","author":"Le Floc'h","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref10","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref11","first-page":"286","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in animals: important roles in nutrition and health","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biochemical, nutritional and genetic effects on boar taint in entire male pigs","volume":"2","author":"Zamaratskaia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animal"}],"container-title":["EFSA Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3826","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:50:29Z","timestamp":1777884629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3826","relation":{},"ISSN":["1831-4732","1831-4732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1831-4732","type":"print"},{"value":"1831-4732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}}}