{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:12:27Z","timestamp":1778173947380,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS2","EFSA Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The EFSA ANS Panel delivered a scientific opinion re\u2010evaluating the safety of oxidised polyethylene wax (OPEW) (E 914) as a food additive. E 914 is authorised at quantum satis only for the surface treatment of some fruits. The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) evaluated the use of OPEW as a food additive but could not allocate an ADI and as an additive in food contact materials. The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) evaluated OPEW as a food contact material and established a TDI of 1 mg\/kg bw\/day. The ANS Panel considered that OPEW\u2013an oxidised form of long\u2010chain acids, alcohols and esters with a low epoxide and peroxide content\u2013is stable in food matrices. Various 90\u2010day studies in rats and a 90\u2010day study in dogs reported no evidence of accumulation. In one rat study, at the highest dose, statistically significant increases in serum glucose and serum alkaline phosphatase and fatty livers were observed without other abnormalities. The lowest no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered 800 mg\/kg bw\/day. OPEW is not genotoxic. Owing to the lack of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies, the limitations of the reprotoxicity study and the unavailability of the key 90\u2010day study, the Panel considered that the overall toxicity database was insufficient to derive an ADI. Mean intake estimates of OPEW ranged from 0.001\u20100.03 mg\/kg bw\/day and high intake estimates ranged from 0.03\u20100.18 mg\/kg bw\/day across all population groups. Considering the NOAEL of 800 mg\/kg bw\/day, the calculated margin of safety (MoS) at the highest intake level of 0.18 mg\/kg bw\/day was 4 400. The Panel concluded that the exposure estimates of E 914 from its use at the maximum reported use level resulted in a sufficient MoS and that, despite the limitations in the database, E 914 is of no safety concern at the maximum reported use level in its currently authorised use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T14:28:51Z","timestamp":1464013731000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scientific Opinion on the re\u2010evaluation of oxidised polyethylene wax (E 914) as a food additive"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"13","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(86)90072-8","article-title":"The thermal decomposition of oxidised polyethylene wax","volume":"15","author":"Al\u2010Sammerrai","year":"1986","journal-title":"Polymer Degradation and Stability"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref2","unstructured":"ChemIDplus, online.% Ethene, homopolymer, oxidized. Available online: http:\/\/chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov\/chemidplus\/rn\/68441\u201017\u20138."},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific opinion of the Scientific Committee related to uncertainties in dietary exposure assessment","volume":"438","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2006","journal-title":"The EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) , 2009. Scientific opinion of the Panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF) on the 23rd list of substances for food contact materials. The EFSA Journal 2009, 1027\u20131029, 1\u201314. doi:10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1028.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1028"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref5","first-page":"34","article-title":"Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in Exposure Assessment","volume":"9","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Evaluation of the FoodEx, the food classification system applied to the development of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database","volume":"9","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1351","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on arsenic in food","volume":"7","author":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in Food Chain (CONTAM)","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1570","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on lead in food","volume":"8","author":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in Food Chain (CONTAM)","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2985","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food","volume":"10","author":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in Food Chain (CONTAM)","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2579","article-title":"Guidance on selected default values to be used by the EFSA Scientific Committee, Scientific Panels and Units in the absence of actual measured data","volume":"10","author":"EFSA Scientific Committee","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref11","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration) , online. 21CFR177.1620. Polyethylene, oxidised. Available online: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfcfr\/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=177.1620."},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref12","first-page":"261","volume":"107","author":"Hagenmaier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Internal gases, ethanol content and gloss of citrus fruit coated with polyethylene wax, carnauba wax, shellac or resin at different application levels"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref13","unstructured":"JECFA (Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) , 2000. Guidelines for the preparation of toxicological working papers for the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref14","volume-title":"Oxidised polyethylene waxes","author":"Mihan","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4145_ref15","unstructured":"OECD (Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development) , 1995. OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals 421. 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