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Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common in the EU Member States. Penicillins, alone or in combination with aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins are most commonly used. Residue levels of antimicrobials decrease with the length of the dry period. When the interval from the start of the drying\u2010off treatment until calving is as long as or longer than the minimum specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics of the antimicrobial, faecal shedding of antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria will not increase when calves are fed colostrum from treated cows. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains substantial residues during the treatment and withdrawal period. Consumption of such milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves, which could be targeting the highest priority critically important antimicrobials. \u03b2\u2010Lactamases can reduce the concentration of \u03b2\u2010lactams which are the most frequently used antimicrobials in milking cows. Options to mitigate the presence of resistant bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are mainly based on thermal inactivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T11:30:05Z","timestamp":1485516605000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"15","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel\u00a0on Biological Hazards 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