{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:26:58Z","timestamp":1750307218186,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS2","EFSA Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract\r\n The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM) assessed the safety of the recycling process Gneuss 5. The input is hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post\u2010consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non\u2010food consumer applications. The flakes are melted in an extruder (step 2), decontaminated during a melt\u2010state polycondensation (MSP) \u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 (step 3) and finally pelletised. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that MSP (step 3) is critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the efficiency of step 3 are the pressure, the temperature, the residence time as well as the geometrical and operational characteristics of the reactor. It was demonstrated by the challenge test that this recycling process ensures that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.0481 or 0.0962 \u03bcg\/kg food, depending on the molecular mass of a contaminant substance. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long\u2010term storage at room temperature or below, with or without hot\u2010fill. Articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation. \r\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:08:50Z","timestamp":1750241330000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Safety assessment of the process Gneuss 5 used to recycle post\u2010consumer PET into food contact materials"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"23","author":[{"name":"EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Lambr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Crebelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Koni","family":"Grob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Milana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Pronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Rivi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"\u0160\u010detar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Theodoridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Els","family":"Van Hoeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Waegeneers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Dudler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Papaspyrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de F\u00e1tima Tavares Po\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Comandella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Lampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) . (2009). Guidance of the Scientific Committee on transparency in the scientific aspects of risk assessments carried out by EFSA. Part 2: General principles. EFSA Journal, 7(5), 1051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1051","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1051"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) . (2024). Administrative guidance for the preparation of applications on recycling processes to produce recycled plastics intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food. EFSA Journal, 21(7), EN\u20108968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2024.EN\u20108968","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2024.EN-8968"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA CEF Panel (EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids) , Silano, V., Bolognesi, C., Castle, L., Chipman, K., Cravedi, J. P., Engel, K. H., Fowler, P., Franz, R., Grob, K., G\u00fcrtler, R., Hus\u00f8y, T., K\u00e4renlampi, S., Mennes, W., Pfaff, K., Riviere, G., Srinivasan, J., Tavares Po\u00e7as, M. F., Tlustos, C., \u2026 Milana, M. R. (2018). Safety assessment of the process \u2018Gneuss 1\u2019, based on Gneuss technology, used to recycle post\u2010consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal, 16(7), 5324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/efsa.2018.5324","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5324"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA CEP Panel (EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids) . (2024). Scientific Guidance on the criteria for the evaluation and on the preparation of applications for the safety assessment of post\u2010consumer mechanical PET recycling processes intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food. EFSA Journal, 22(7), 8879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.8879","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.8879"},{"key":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492_ref5","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration) . (2021). Guidance for industry: Use of recycled plastics in food packaging: Chemistry considerations. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory\u2010information\/search\u2010fda\u2010guidance\u2010documents\/guidance\u2010industry\u2010use\u2010recycled\u2010plastics\u2010food\u2010packaging\u2010chemistry\u2010considerations."}],"container-title":["EFSA Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:08:52Z","timestamp":1750241332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9492","relation":{},"ISSN":["1831-4732","1831-4732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1831-4732","type":"print"},{"value":"1831-4732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}}}