{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:48:24Z","timestamp":1768002504471,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EFS3","EFSA Supporting Publications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.en-6647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T11:55:29Z","timestamp":1621425329000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Risk characterisation of ciguatera poisoning in Europe"],"prefix":"10.2903","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Canals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency (AESAN)"}]},{"given":"Carmen Varela","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (CNE\u2010ISCIII)"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Diog\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gago\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vigo (UVIGO)"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cebadera\u2010Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.S.F. (FCSAI)"}]},{"given":"Filipa Melo","family":"de Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Economic and Food Safety Authority (ASAE)"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada Le\u00f3n","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (CNE\u2010ISCIII)"}]},{"given":"Elena Vanessa Mart\u00ednez","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (CNE\u2010ISCIII)"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo Carmona","family":"Alf\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Epidemiology Carlos III Institute (CNE\u2010ISCIII)"}]},{"given":"Domingo","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Friedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Oleastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Boziaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Thessaly"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rambla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Camp\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Andree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Angels","family":"Tud\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Sagrist\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Leonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Castan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA)"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety \u2013 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (IUSA \u2010 ULPGC)"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety \u2013 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (IUSA \u2010 ULPGC)"}]},{"given":"Antonio Jes\u00fas Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Francisco Mart\u00edn","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Pedro Reis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Soli\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f2nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Health Service"}]},{"given":"Popi","family":"Kanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Stavroulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL)"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Chrysanthou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL)"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Aligizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)"}]},{"given":"Iliana","family":"Nikolopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)"}]},{"given":"Agoritsa","family":"Kaliwra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH)"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vigo (UVIGO)"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vigo (UVIGO)"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vigo (UVIGO)"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vigo (UVIGO)"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER)"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sibat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER)"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.08.059","article-title":"Caribbean ciguatoxin profile in raw and cooked fish implicated in ciguatera","volume":"131","author":"Abraham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.1067","article-title":"Clinical observations on 3,009 cases of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the South Pacific","volume":"28","author":"Bagnis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.07.021","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning on the West Africa Coast: An emerging risk in the Canary Islands (Spain)","volume":"56","author":"Boada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boucaud\u2010Maitre D, Vernoux JP, Pelczar S, Daudens\u2010Vaysse E, Aubert L, Boa S, Ferracci S and Garnier R, 2018. Incidence and clinical characteristics of ciguatera fish poisoning in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2013 and 2016: a retrospective cases-series. Scientific Reports, 8:3095 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21373-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21373-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref5","first-page":"00053","article-title":"Ciguatera, an Emerging Human Poisoning in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Bravo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Aquac Mar Biol"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.02.004","article-title":"Monitoring of dissolved ciguatoxin and maitotoxin using solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking devices: application to Gambierdiscus pacificus in culture","volume":"10","author":"Caillaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2012.660707","article-title":"Towards the standardisation of the neuroblastoma (neuro-2a) cell-based assay for ciguatoxin-like toxicity detection in fish: application to fish caught in the Canary Islands","volume":"29","author":"Caillaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam.: Part A"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro, D.; Manger, R.; Vilari\u00f1o, O.; Gago\u2010Mart\u00ednez, A. 2020. Evaluation of Matrix Issues in the Applicability of the Neuro-2a Cell Based Assay on the Detection of CTX in Fish Samples. Toxins (Basel), 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050308"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01798.x","article-title":"Temporal trends and epidemiological aspects of ciguatera in French Polynesia: a 10-year analysis: Trends and epidemiology of ciguatera","volume":"12","author":"Chateau\u2010Degat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref10","first-page":"021","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning: a review","volume":"388802","author":"De Fouw","year":"2001","journal-title":"RIVM report"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref11","unstructured":"Decision No 1082\/2013\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union. 2013, L293\/1-15."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning in France: experience of the French Poison Control Centre Network from 2012 to 2019","volume":"7","author":"de Haro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DevelouxM, Le Loup G and Pialoux G. A case of ciguatera fish poisoning in a French traveler. Euro Surveill. 2008; 13(45):pii=19027. Available online: http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19027","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.45.19027-en"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.09.008","article-title":"Ciguatera: a public health perspective","volume":"56","author":"Dickey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08682-8","article-title":"Identification of ciguatoxins in a shark involved in a fatal food poisoning in the Indian Ocean","volume":"7","author":"Diog\u00e8ne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref16","unstructured":"Directive 2003\/99\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union. 2003, L325\/31-40."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref17","first-page":"38","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on marine biotoxins in shellfish - Emerging toxins: Ciguatoxin group","volume":"8","author":"EFSA. European Food Safety Authority","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) , 2018. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2017. EFSA Journal 2018;16(12):5500, 262 pp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5500","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5500"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) , 2018. The European Union One Health 2018 Zoonoses Report. EFSA Journal 2019;17(12):5926","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5926"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12161","article-title":"Two clusters of ciguatera fish poisoning in Paris, France, related to tropical fish imported from the French Caribbean by travelers","volume":"21","author":"Epelboin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.12.038","article-title":"Implementation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of ciguatera fish poisoning in contaminated fish samples from Atlantic coasts","volume":"280","author":"Estevez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11040221","article-title":"An Attempt to Characterize the Ciguatoxin Profile in Seriola fasciata Causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Macaronesia","volume":"Basel).11(4","author":"Estevez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8050149","article-title":"Emerging marine biotoxins in seafood from European coasts: incidence and analytical challenges","volume":"8","author":"Estevez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12040267","article-title":"Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Confirmation of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 as the Main Toxin Responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning Caused by Fish from European Atlantic Coasts","volume":"Basel).12","author":"Estevez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050305","volume-title":"Use of Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Diversity of Toxins Produced by Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa Species from Balearic Islands and Crete (Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (Northeast Atlantic). Toxins (Basel).12","author":"Estevez","year":"2020b"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2019.1705400","article-title":"Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 stability under strongly acidic conditions: Characterisation of a new C-CTX1 methoxy congener","volume":"A37","author":"Estevez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref27","unstructured":"Joint FAO\u2010WHO Report of the Expert Meeting on Ciguatera Poisoning, Rome 19\u201323 November 2018"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedeman M, 2018. Ciguatera fish poisoning outbreaks from 2012 to 2017 in Germany caused by snappers from India, Indonesia and Vietnam. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety., https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00003-018-1191-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00003-018-1191-8"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/md6030456","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning: treatment, prevention and management","volume":"6","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/md15030072","article-title":"An updated review of ciguatera fish poisoning: clinical, epidemiological, environmental and public health management","volume":"15","author":"Friedman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1985.00662.x","article-title":"A rapid simple technique utilizing calcofluor white M2R forthe visualization of dinoflagellate thecal plates","volume":"21","author":"Fritz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jouranl of Phycology"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(03)73843-3","article-title":"Ciguatera poisoning in Spanish travellers","volume":"120","author":"Gasc\u00f3n","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90365-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of ciguatera fish poisoning","volume":"32","author":"Glaziou","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref34","first-page":"70","article-title":"A case report of ciguatera fish poisoning in a traveller to Dominican Republic","volume":"29","author":"Herrero\u2010Mart\u00ednez","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4858","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04499","article-title":"Addressing the Analytical Challenges fo the Detection of Ciguatoxins Using an Electrochemical Biosensor","volume":"92","author":"Leonardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-138","article-title":"Detecting Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Florida through Consumer Complaints","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Prot."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.10.016","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning: a first epidemic in Germany highlights an increasing risk for European countries","volume":"91","author":"Mattei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00167a040","article-title":"Structures and configurations of ciguatoxin from the moray eel Gymnothorax javanicus and its likely precursor from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus","volume":"112","author":"Murata","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nu\u00f1ez D, Matute P, Garcia A, Garcia P and Abad\u00eda N. Outbreak of ciguatera food poisoning by consumption of amberjack (Seriola spp.) in the Canary Islands, May 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(23):pii=20188. Available online: http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20188","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.23.20188-en"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6032","DOI":"10.1021\/ac100516q","article-title":"First toxin profile of ciguateric fish in Madeira Arquipelago (Europe)","volume":"82","author":"Otero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050393","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning, Canary Islands","volume":"11","author":"Perez\u2010Arellano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1157\/13072494","article-title":"Azuara Sol\u00eds M y Gonz\u00e1lez-Lahoz JM. Ciguatera: ocho casos importados","volume":"205","author":"Puente Puente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0400","article-title":"Epidemiology of Ciguatera in Florida","volume":"93","author":"Radke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref44","first-page":"236","article-title":"A review of ciguatera, tropical fish poisoning with a tentative explanation of its cause","volume":"8","author":"Randall","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref45","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No 178\/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union. 2001, L31\/1-24."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref46","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No 851\/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union. 2004, L142\/1-11."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref47","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No 679\/2016 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union. 2016, L119\/1-88."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-018-1456-8","article-title":"Assessmenet of cytotoxicity in ten strains of Gambierdiscusaustrales from Macaronesisan Islands by neuro-2a cell-based assays","volume":"30","author":"Revert\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Phycology"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.445","article-title":"Predictive score and probability of CTX-like toxicity in fish samples from the official control of ciguatera in the Canary Islands","volume":"673","author":"Sanchez\u2010Henao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez\u2010Henao A, Garc\u00eda\u2010\u00c1lvarez N, Silva Sergent F, Est\u00e9vez P, Gago\u2010Mart\u00ednez A, Mart\u00edn F, Ramos\u2010Sosa M, Fern\u00e1ndez A, Diog\u00e8ne J and Real F, 2020. Presence of CTXs in moray eels and dusky groupers in the marine environment of the Canary Islands. Aquatic Toxicology, 221.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105427"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.6.873","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning: a double-blind randomized trial of mannitol therapy","volume":"58","author":"Schnorf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2012.00619.x","article-title":"Outbreak of ciguatera fish poisoning on a cargo ship in the port of Hamburg","volume":"19","author":"Schlaich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibat, M.; Herrenknecht, C.; Darius, H.T.; Rou\u00e9, M.; Chinain, M.; Hess, P. 2018. Detection of pacific ciguatoxins using liquid chromatography coupled to either low or high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS). J. Chromatogr. A,1571, 16\u201328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.08.008"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skinner MP. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Pacific Islands (1998 to 2008). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011. 5","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001416"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.02.026","article-title":"Ciguatera fish poisoning and sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies","volume":"56","author":"Tester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref56","first-page":"109","article-title":"Caribbean ciguatera: a changing paradigm","volume":"52","author":"Tosteson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Biol Trop."},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref57","first-page":"22","article-title":"First resport of Gambierdiscus in the Western Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands)","volume":"59","author":"Tud\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tud\u00f3 \u00c0, Toldr\u00e0 A, Rey M, Todol\u00ed I, Andree KB, Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Tejedor M, Camp\u00e0s M, Sureda FX and Diog\u00e8ne J, 2020. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa as potential indicators of ciguatera risk in the Balearic Islands. Harmful Algae, 99.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101913"},{"key":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yogi, K.; Oshiro, N.;Inafuku, Y.; Hirama, M.; Yasumoto, T. 2011. Detailed LC\u2010MS\/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing Distinct Regional and Species Characteristics in Fish and Causative Alga from","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200799j"}],"container-title":["EFSA Supporting Publications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T22:51:30Z","timestamp":1700520690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2021.en-6647","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-8325","2397-8325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-8325","type":"print"},{"value":"2397-8325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}