{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:19:34Z","timestamp":1773674374061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Colegio Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia, A. C.","issue":"Supl1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Alerg Mex"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a condition that persists for more than six weeks, it occurs in the absence of an identifiable triggering factor and from the pathogenic activation of mast cells and basophils. The possibility of autoimmune etiology in up to 40 % of patients is presented, followed by subclinical infections and psychological factors. Two main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria have been proposed: the former is the dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways within mast cells and basophils, which leads to defects in the traffic or function of these cells. The latter is the development of autoantibodies against Fc\u03b5RI\u03b1 or IgE, in both mast cells and basophils. Numerous autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis have been associated with chronic urticaria; however, autoimmune thyroid disease deserves a special mention. A higher prevalence of antithyroid antibodies has been found, regardless of thyroid function (euthyroidism, hypo and hyperthyroidism) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Several infections have been linked to chronic urticaria. The best evidence is for Helicobacter pylori infection. Finally, stress is associated with the onset of the disease through the activation of the sympathetic and adrenomedullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis. Diagnosis may vary in different regions of the world, but the common feature is the completion of a thorough medical history. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v69isupl1.1037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T21:16:42Z","timestamp":1641763002000},"page":"s69-s80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoinmunidad en urticaria cr\u00f3nica. Perspectiva hist\u00f3rica y actual","Autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. A historical and current perspective"],"prefix":"10.29262","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"Hurtado-Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe Carmen","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Reculez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Vargas-Cama\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Castrej\u00f3n-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11808","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"57398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poonawalla T, Kelly B. Urticaria : a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10(1):9-21. DOI: 10.2165\/0128071-200910010-00002","DOI":"10.2165\/0128071-200910010-00002"},{"key":"57399","unstructured":"Larenas-Linnemann D, Medina-\u00c1valos MA, Ortega-Martell JA, Beirana-Palencia AM, Rojo-Guti\u00e9rrez MI, Morales-S\u00e1nchez MA, et al. Gu\u00eda mexicana para el diagn\u00f3stico y el tratamiento de la urticaria [Mexican guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2014;61(Suppl 2):S118-93. Disponible en: https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/view\/49\/66"},{"key":"57400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najib U, Bajwa ZH, Ostro MG, Sheikh J. A retrospective review of clinical presentation, thyroid autoimmunity, laboratory characteristics, and therapies used in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103(6):496-501. DOI: 10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60266-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60266-9"},{"key":"57401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. The EAACI\/GA\u00b2LEN\/EDF\/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(7):1393-414. DOI: 10.1111\/all.13397","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13397"},{"key":"57402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias GA, Pires GV, Valle SO, Dortas SD, Levy S, Fran\u00e7a AT, et al. (2016) Impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life of patients followed up at a university hospital. An Bras Dermatol. 2016;91(6):754-9. DOI: 10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20165071","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20165071"},{"key":"57403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrer, M. Immunological events in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:30. DOI: 10.1186\/s13601-015-0074-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-015-0074-7"},{"key":"57404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Church MK, Kolkhir P, Metz M, Maurer M. The role and relevance of mast cells in urticaria. Immunol Rev. 2018;282(1):232-47. DOI: 10.1111\/imr.12632","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12632"},{"key":"57405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caproni M, Giomi B, Volpi W, Melani L, Schincaglia E, Macchia D, et al. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: infiltrating cells and related cytokines in autologous serum-induced wheals. Clin Immunol. 2005;114(3):284-92. DOI: 10.1016\/j.clim.2004.10.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.10.007"},{"key":"57406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caproni M, Giomi B, Melani L, Volpi W, Antiga E, Torchia D, et al. Cellular infiltrate and related cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules in chronic autoimmune urticaria: comparison between spontaneous and autologous serum skin test induced wheal. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2006;19(3):507-15. DOI: 10.1177\/039463200601900306","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200601900306"},{"key":"57407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terhorst D, Koti I, Krause K, Metz M, Maurer M. In chronic spontaneous urticaria, high numbers of dermal endothelial cells, but not mast cells, are linked to recurrent angio-oedema. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2018;43(2):131-6. DOI: 10.1111\/ced.13254","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13254"},{"key":"57408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haas N, Toppe E, Henz BM. Microscopic morphology of different types of urticaria. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134(1):41-6. DOI: 10.1001\/archderm.134.1.41","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.1.41"},{"key":"57409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Maruyama T, Morohashi M, Bhawan J. Free eosinophil granules in urticaria: a correlation with the duration of wheals. Am J Dermatopathol. 1996;18(1):49-57. DOI: 10.1097\/00000372-199602000-00008","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199602000-00008"},{"key":"57410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying S, Kikuchi Y, Meng Q, Kay AB, Kaplan AP. TH1\/TH2 cytokines and inflammatory cells in skin biopsy specimens from patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: comparison with the allergeninduced late-phase cutaneous reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;109(4):694-700. DOI: 10.1067\/mai.2002.123236","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.123236"},{"key":"57411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin RY, Schwartz LB, Curry A, Pesola GR, Knight RJ, Lee HS, et al. Histamine and tryptase levels in patients with acute allergic reactions: an emergency department-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;106(1 Pt 1):65-71. DOI: 10.1067\/mai.2000.107600","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.107600"},{"key":"57412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9dard PM, Brunet C, Pelletier G, H\u00e9bert J. Increased compound 48\/80 induced local histamine release from nonlesional skin of patients with chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986;78(6):1121-5. DOI: 10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90260-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90260-5"},{"key":"57413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacques P, Lavoie A, B\u00e9dard PM, Brunet C, H\u00e9bert J. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: profiles of skin mast cell histamine release during active disease and remission. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;89(6):1139-43. DOI: 10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90297-f","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90297-F"},{"key":"57414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altman K, Chang C. Pathogenic intracellular and autoimmune mechanisms in urticaria and angioedema. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;45(1):47-62. DOI: 10.1007\/s12016-012-8326-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8326-y"},{"key":"57415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner H, Kinet JP. Signalling through the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI. Nature. 1999;402(6760 Suppl):B24-30. DOI: 10.1038\/35037021","DOI":"10.1038\/35037021"},{"key":"57416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi AB, Herlaar E, Braselmann S, Huynh S, Taylor V, Frances R, et al. Identification of the Syk kinase inhibitor R112 by a human mast cell screen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(3):749-55. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.023"},{"key":"57417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gimborn K, Lessmann E, Kuppig S, Krystal G, Huber M. SHIP downregulates Fc\u03b1RI-induced degranulation at supraoptimal IgE or antigen levels. J Immunol. 2005;174(1):507-16. DOI: 10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.507","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.507"},{"key":"57418","unstructured":"Malmros H. Auto-serum test (AST). Nordisk Med. 1946;29(3):150\u2013152."},{"key":"57419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leznoff A, Josse RG, Denburg J, Dolovich J (1983) Association of chronic urticaria and angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119(8):636-40. DOI:10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650320010007","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.119.8.636"},{"key":"57420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell BF, Francis DM, Swana GT, Seed PT, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW Thyroid autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153(2):331-5. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06646.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06646.x"},{"key":"57421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grattan CE, Wallington TB, Warin RP, Kennedy CT, Bradfield JW. A serological mediator in chronic idiopathic urticaria--a clinical, immunological and histological evaluation. Br J Dermatol. 1986;114(5):583-90. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04065.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04065.x"},{"key":"57422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber BL, Baeza ML, Marchese MJ, Agnello V, Kaplan AP. Prevalence and functional role of anti-IgE autoantibodies in urticarial syndromes. J Invest Dermatol. 1988;90(2):213-7. DOI: 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12462239","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12462239"},{"key":"57423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hide M, Francis DM, Grattan CE, Hakimi J, Kochan JP, Greaves MW. Autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor as a cause of histamine release in chronic urticaria. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(22):1599-604. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJM199306033282204","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306033282204"},{"key":"57424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niimi N, Francis DM, Kermani F, O\u2019Donnell BF, Hide M, Kobza-Black A Niimi N, Francis DM, Kermani F, O\u2019Donnell BF, Hide M, Kobza-Black A, et al. Dermal mast cell activation by autoantibodies against the high affinity IgE receptor in chronic urticaria. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;106(5):1001-6. DOI: 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338544","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338544"},{"key":"57425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiebiger E, Maurer D, Holub H, Reininger B, Hartmann G, Woisetschl\u00e4ger M, et al. Serum IgG autoantibodies directed against the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI: a selective marker and pathogenetic factor for a distinct subset of chronic urticaria patients? J Clin Invest. 1995;96(6):2606-12. DOI: 10.1172\/JCI118325","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118325"},{"key":"57426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiebiger E, Hammerschmid F, Stingl G, Maurer D. Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies in autoimmune-mediated disorders. Identification of a structure-function relationship. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(1):243-51. DOI: 10.1172\/JCI511","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI511"},{"key":"57427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn MP, Gerster T, Ochensberger B, Derer T, Kricek F, Jouvin MH, et al. Human anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies isolated from healthy donors cross-react with tetanus toxoid. Eur J Immunol. 1999;29(4):1139-48. DOI: 10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1149::AID-IMMU1149>3.0.CO;2-H","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1139::AID-IMMU1139>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"57428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrer M, Nakazawa K, Kaplan AP. Complement dependence of histamine release in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104(1):169-72. DOI: 10.1016\/s0091-6749(99)70129-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70129-6"},{"key":"57429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kikuchi Y, Kaplan AP. A role for C5a in augmenting IgG-dependent histamine release from basophils in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;109(1):114-8. DOI: 10.1067\/mai.2002.120954","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.120954"},{"key":"57430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan AP, Greaves M. Pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39(6):777-87. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03256.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03256.x"},{"key":"57431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrer M, Luquin E, Sanchez-Ibarrola A, Moreno C, Sanz ML, Kaplan AP. Secretion of cytokines, histamine and leukotrienes in chronic urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;129(3):254-60. DOI: 10.1159\/000066772","DOI":"10.1159\/000066772"},{"key":"57432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grattan CE, O\u2019Donnell BF, Francis DM, Niimi N, Barlow RJ, Seed PT, et al. Randomized double-blind study of cyclosporin in chronic \u2018idiopathic\u2019 urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143(2):365-72. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03664.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03664.x"},{"key":"57433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollander SM, Joo SS, Wedner HJ. Factors that predict the success of cyclosporine treatment for chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107(6):523-8. DOI: 10.1016\/j.anai.2011.08.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2011.08.013"},{"key":"57434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grattan CE, Francis DM, Slater NG, Barlow RJ, Greaves MW. Plasmapheresis for severe, unremitting, chronic urticaria. Lancet. 1992;339(8801):1078-80. DOI: 10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90666-q","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90666-Q"},{"key":"57435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell BF, Barr RM, Black AK, Francis DM, Kermani F, Niimi N, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138(1):101-6. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02033.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02033.x"},{"key":"57436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Metz M, Altrichter S, Maurer M. Comorbidity of chronic spontaneous urticaria and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A systematic review. Allergy. 2017;72(10):1440-60. DOI: 10.1111\/all.13182","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13182"},{"key":"57437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulambayar B, Chen YH, Ban GY, Lee JH, Jung CG, Yang EM, et al. Detection of circulating IgG autoantibody to Fc\u03b5RI\u03b1 in sera from chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(1):141-7. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.10.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.10.003"},{"key":"57438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanani A, Betschel SD, Warrington R. Urticaria and angioedema. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(Suppl 2):59. DOI: 10.1186\/s13223-018-0288-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0288-z"},{"key":"57439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasagar K, Vonakis BM, Gober LM, Viksman A, Gibbons SP Jr, Saini SS. Evidence of in vivo basophil activation in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36(6):770-6. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02494.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02494.x"},{"key":"57440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natbony SF, Phillips ME, Elias JM, Godfrey HP, Kaplan AP. Histologic studies of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983;71(2):177-83. DOI: 10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90096-9","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90096-9"},{"key":"57441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay AB, Clark P, Maurer M, Ying S. Elevations in T-helper-2-initiating cytokines (interleukin-33, interleukin-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) in lesional skin from chronic spontaneous (\u2018idiopathic\u2019) urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(5):1294-302. DOI: 10.1111\/bjd.13621","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13621"},{"key":"57442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brzoza Z, Grzeszczak W, Rogala B, Trautsolt W, Moczulski D. PTPN22 polymorphism presumably plays a role in the genetic background of chronic spontaneous autoreactive urticaria. Dermatology. 2012;224(4):340-5. DOI: 10.1159\/000339332","DOI":"10.1159\/000339332"},{"key":"57443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baram D, Vaday GG, Salamon P, Drucker I, Hershkoviz R, Mekori YA. Human mast cells release metalloproteinase-9 on contact with activated T cells: juxtacrine regulation by TNF-alpha. J Immunol. 2001;167(7):4008-16. DOI: 10.4049\/jimmunol.167.7.4008","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.7.4008"},{"key":"57444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi A, Asero R, Lorini M, Marzano AV, Cugno M. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in chronic urticaria patients correlate with disease severity and C-reactive protein but not with circulating histamine-releasing factors. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(6):875-81. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03473.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03473.x"},{"key":"57445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puccetti A, Bason C, Simeoni S, Millo E, Tinazzi E, Beri R, et al. In chronic idiopathic urticaria autoantibodies against Fc epsilonRII\/CD23 induce histamine release via eosinophil activation. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35(12):1599-607. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02380.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02380.x"},{"key":"57446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell BF, O\u2019Neill CM, Francis DM, Niimi N, Barr RM, Barlow RJ, et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II associations in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140(5):853-8. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02815.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02815.x"},{"key":"57447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozek A, Krajewska J, Filipowska B, Polanska J, Rachowska R, Grzanka A, et al. HLA status in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;153(4):419-23. DOI: 10.1159\/000316354","DOI":"10.1159\/000316354"},{"key":"57448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Tan Z, Li J, Xiong P. Association of HLA-DRB1, DQB1 alleles with chronic urticaria. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2005;25(3):354-6. DOI: 10.1007\/BF02828166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02828166"},{"key":"57449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asero R, Tedeschi A, Riboldi P, Cugno M. Plasma of patients with chronic urticaria shows signs of thrombin generation, and its intradermal injection causes wheal-and-flare reactions much more frequently than autologous serum. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(5):1113-7. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1343"},{"key":"57450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cugno M, Tedeschi A, Asero R, Meroni PL, Marzano AV. Skin autoimmunity and blood coagulation. Autoimmunity. 2010;43(2):189-94. DOI: 10.3109\/08916930903293086","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903293086"},{"key":"57451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Borzova E, Grattan C, Asero R, Pogorelov D, Maurer M. Autoimmune comorbidity in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16(12):1196-208. DOI: 10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.003"},{"key":"57452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Confino-Cohen R, Chodick G, Shalev V, Leshno M, Kimhi O, Goldberg A. Chronic urticaria and autoimmunity: associations found in a large population study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1307-13. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.043"},{"key":"57453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altrichter S, Peter HJ, Pisarevskaja D, Metz M, Martus P, Maurer M. IgE mediated autoallergy against thyroid peroxidase--a novel pathomechanism of chronic spontaneous urticaria? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e14794. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0014794","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014794"},{"key":"57454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rorsman H. (1962) Basophilic leucopenia in different forms of urticaria. Acta Allergol. 1962;17:168-84. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1962.tb02937.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1962.tb02937.x"},{"key":"57455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan XF, Gu JQ, Shan ZY. The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):804-10. DOI: 10.1007\/s12020-014-0367-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0367-y"},{"key":"57456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau A, Bousquet PJ, Bousquet J, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA\u00b2LEN task force report. Allergy. 2011;66(3):317-30. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x"},{"key":"57457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toubi E, Kessel A, Avshovich N, Bamberger E, Sabo E, Nusem D, et al. (2004) linical and laboratory parameters in predicting chronic urticaria duration: a prospective study of 139 patients. Allergy. 2004;59(8):869-73. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00473.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00473.x"},{"key":"57458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caproni M, Volpi W, Giomi B, Cardinali C, Antiga E, Melani L, et al. Chronic idiopathic and chronic autoimmune urticaria: clinical and immunopathological features of 68 subjects. Acta Derm Venereol. 2004;84(4):288-90. DOI: 10.1080\/00015550410026939","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410026939"},{"key":"57459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodwin-Tomkinson J. Aetiology of urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 1926;38:431-43. DOI:10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1926.tb09242.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1926.tb09242.x"},{"key":"57460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber HW. Chronic urticaria and angioneurotic edema due to bacterial sensitisation. Br J Dermatol. 1923;35:209-18. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09109.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09109.x"},{"key":"57461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedi B, Raap U, Kapp A. Chronic urticaria and infections. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;4(5):387-96. DOI: 10.1097\/00130832-200410000-00010","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200410000-00010"},{"key":"57462","unstructured":"Trachsel C, Pichler WJ, Helbling A. Stellenwert von Laboruntersuchungen und Triggerfaktoren bei der chronischen Urtikaria. Eine retrospektive Studie an 170 Patienten [Importance of laboratory investigations and trigger factors in chronic urticaria]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1999;129(36):1271-9"},{"key":"57463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugra\u00f1es-Montalv\u00e1n A, Barreto-Su\u00e1rez E, Nicolau-Pestana E, Quesada-Leyva L. Relaci\u00f3n entre infecci\u00f3n por Helicobacter pylori y urticaria cr\u00f3nica [Relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic urticaria]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2017;64(4):396-402. DOI: 10.29262\/ram.v64i4.283","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v64i4.283"},{"key":"57464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedi B, Wagner S, Werfel T, Manns MP, Kapp A. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in chronic urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1998;116(4):288-94. DOI: 10.1159\/000023958","DOI":"10.1159\/000023958"},{"key":"57465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedi B. Urticaria. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(4):306-17. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06661.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06661.x"},{"key":"57466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Leiste A, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Venten I, Altmeyer P, Brockmeyer NH. Urticaria associated with Norovirus infection: report of two cases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(7):563-5. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06501.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06501.x"},{"key":"57467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronellenfitsch U, Bircher A, Hatz C, Blum J. Parasiten als Ursache von Urtikaria. Helminthen und Protozooen als Ausl\u00f6ser der Nesselsucht? [Parasites as a cause of urticaria. Helminths and protozoa as triggers of hives?]. Hautarzt. 2007;58(2):133-4, 136-41. DOI: 10.1007\/s00105-006-1174-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-006-1174-z"},{"key":"57468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellgren L, Hersle K. Acute and chronic urticaria. A statistical investigation on clinical and laboratory data in 1.204 patients and matched healthy controls. Acta Allergol. 1964;19:406-20.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1964.tb03269.x"},{"key":"57469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonoda T, Anan T, Ono K, Yanagisawa S. Chronic urticaria associated with dental infection. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145(3):516-8. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04395.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04395.x"},{"key":"57470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buss YA, Garrelfs UC, Sticherling M. Chronic urticaria\u2014which clinical parameters are pathogenetically relevant? A retrospective investigation of 339 patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5(1):22-9. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06194.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06194.x"},{"key":"57471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ertam I, Biyikli SE, Yazkan FA, Aytimur D, Alper S. The frequency of nasal carriage in chronic urticaria patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(6):777-80. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02083.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02083.x"},{"key":"57472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ercolini AM, Miller SD. The role of infections in autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;155(1):1-15. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03834.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03834.x"},{"key":"57473","unstructured":"Wedi B, Liekenbr\u00f6cker T, Kapp A. Infektassoziation und Serumaktivit\u00e4t bei der chronischen Urtikaria \u2013 Ausdruck molekularer Mimikry? [Chronic urticaria-Persistent bacterial infections and serum activity in chronic urticaria--Role of molecular mimicry?]. Allergologie. 2001;24(10):480-90. DOI: 10.5414\/ALP24480"},{"key":"57474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appelmelk BJ, Simoons-Smit I, Negrini R, Moran AP, Aspinall GO, Forte JG, et al. Potential role of molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and Lewis blood group antigens in autoimmunity. Infect Immun. 1996;64(6):2031-40. DOI: 10.1128\/iai.64.6.2031-2040.1996","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2031-2040.1996"},{"key":"57475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negrini R, Savio A, Poiesi C, Appelmelk BJ, Buffoli F, Paterlini A, et al. Antigenic mimicry between Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa in the pathogenesis of body atrophic gastritis. Gastroenterology. 1996;111(3):655-65. DOI: 10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8780570","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8780570"},{"key":"57476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hizal M, Tu\u0308zu\u0308n B, Wolf R, Tu\u0308zu\u0308n Y. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody and autologous serum test in chronic urticaria. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39(6):443-5. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00979.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00979.x"},{"key":"57477","unstructured":"Liekenbr\u00f6cker T, Koerner M, Kapp A, Wedi B. Korrelation der infektassoziierten chronischen Urtikaria mit positivem autologem Serumtest [Correlation of infect-associated chronic urticaria with positive autologous serum skin test]. Allergologie. 2001;24(10):475-9. DOI: 10.5414\/ALP24475"},{"key":"57478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakos N, Hillander M. Comparison of chronic autoimmune urticaria with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42(8):613-5. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01759.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01759.x"},{"key":"57479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss M, Ingbar SH, Winblad S, Kasper DL. Demonstration of a saturable binding site for thyrotropin in Yersinia enterocolitica. Science. 1983;219(4590):1331-3. DOI: 10.1126\/science.6298936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6298936"},{"key":"57480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(3):470-511. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470"},{"key":"57481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shikhman AR, Greenspan NS, Cunningham MW. A subset of mouse monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with cytoskeletal proteins and group A streptococcal M proteins recognizes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. J Immunol. 1993;151(7):3902-13. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.jimmunol.org\/content\/151\/7\/3902.long","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3902"},{"key":"57482","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fa\u00e9 KC, Diefenbach da Silva D, Bilate AM, Tanaka AC, Pomerantzeff PM, Kiss MH, et al. PDIA3, HSPA5 and vimentin, proteins identified by 2-DE in the valvular tissue, are the target antigens of peripheral and heart infiltrating T cells from chronic rheumatic heart disease patients. J Autoimmun. 2008;31(2):136-41. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.04.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.04.023"},{"key":"57483","unstructured":"Yang HY, Sun CC, Wu YC, Wang JD. Stress, insomnia, and chronic idiopathic urticaria--a case-control study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104(4):254-63."},{"key":"57484","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vestergaard C, Deleuran M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: latest developments in aetiology, diagnosis and therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2015;6(6):304-13. DOI: 10.1177\/2040622315603951","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622315603951"}],"container-title":["Revista Alergia M\u00e9xico"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1037\/1526","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1037\/1546","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1037\/1536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1037\/1526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T16:34:29Z","timestamp":1719938069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/view\/1037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supl1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29262\/ram.v69isupl1.1037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2448-9190","0002-5151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2448-9190","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-5151","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]}}}