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Curiosamente, el intercambio de genes debido a infecciones virales ha permitido la evoluci\u00f3n de los organismos celulares, favoreciendo el desarrollo de nuevas funciones y supervivencia del hospedero. El virus Epstein-Barr\u00a0 comparte cientos de millones de\u00a0a\u00f1os de coevoluci\u00f3n con la especie humana y m\u00e1s del 95% de la poblaci\u00f3n adulta mundial se ha infectado en alg\u00fan momento de su vida. La infecci\u00f3n\u00a0se adquiere principalmente durante la infancia, y en la mayor\u00eda de los casos aparece sin ninguna manifestaci\u00f3n grave aparente. Sin embargo, en los\u00a0adolescentes y la poblaci\u00f3n joven-adulta, alrededor de un 10 a 30% evolucionan a mononucleosis infecciosa. Las c\u00e9lulas NK y T CD8+ son c\u00e9lulas\u00a0citot\u00f3xicas cruciales durante las respuestas antivirales y se ha demostrado que controlan y eliminan la infecci\u00f3n por el virus Epstein-Barr. No obstante,\u00a0cuando se afecta su funci\u00f3n efectora, el desenlace puede ser fatal. El objetivo de esta revisi\u00f3n es describir la infecci\u00f3n por el virus Epstein-Barr y\u00a0el papel decisivo de las c\u00e9lulas NK y T CD8+ durante el control y eliminaci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, se discuten brevemente los principales defectos\u00a0gen\u00e9ticos que afectan a estas c\u00e9lulas y conllevan a la incapacidad para eliminar el virus. Finalmente, se resalta la necesidad de elaborar una vacuna\u00a0efectiva contra el virus Epstein-Barr y c\u00f3mo podr\u00edan evitarse los procesos neopl\u00e1sicos y enfermedades autoinmunes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v71i1.1276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T21:55:52Z","timestamp":1714168552000},"page":"29-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Si algo puede fallar, fallar\u00e1: el virus Epstein-Barr y su contenci\u00f3n inmunitaria","Anything that can go wrong will go wrong: Epstein-Barr and its immune containment"],"prefix":"10.29262","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5559-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Gutierrez Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4859-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara 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