{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:19:46Z","timestamp":1783369186348,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Colegio Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia, A. C.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Alerg Mex"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antecedentes: El incremento en frecuencia e intensidad de las olas de calor, como consecuencia del cambio clim\u00e1tico, representa un riesgo creciente para la salud p\u00fablica, especialmente en poblaciones con enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas y respiratorias.\nObjetivo: Revisi\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica de la relaci\u00f3n entre las olas de calor y la exacerbaci\u00f3n de enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas, con \u00e9nfasis en los mecanismos ambientales y fisiopatol\u00f3gicos implicados.\nM\u00e9todos: Se realiz\u00f3 la b\u00fasqueda estructurada en Scopus y Web of Science (2015\u20132025), complementada con bibliograf\u00eda regional, identific\u00e1ndose 304 referencias. Despu\u00e9s de aplicar los criterios de inclusi\u00f3n y exclusi\u00f3n, se evaluaron 120 art\u00edculos a texto completo y se incluyeron 79 en la s\u00edntesis cualitativa.\nResultados: La evidencia confirma que las olas de calor se asocian con un incremento en los ingresos hospitalarios de pacientes con asma y elevada frecuencia en las consultas con dermatitis at\u00f3picas, en pacientes de edad pedi\u00e1trica. Los mecanismos identificados incluyen: intensificaci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n y dispersi\u00f3n de polen, sinergia con contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos, disrupci\u00f3n de la barrera epitelial y activaci\u00f3n de receptores de potencial transitorio.\nConclusiones: La falta de protocolos de estudio bien definidos para abordar a los pacientes al\u00e9rgicos durante una ola de calor es una brecha no s\u00f3lo en M\u00e9xico y Am\u00e9rica Latina, sino en todo el mundo. Dentro de las principales limitaciones destacan: la falta de definiciones estandarizadas, la escasez de modelos de an\u00e1lisis multi-exposici\u00f3n y la carencia de estrategias integrales de mitigaci\u00f3n urbana y adaptaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica que protejan a los grupos m\u00e1s vulnerables. En el caso de la rinitis al\u00e9rgica, los datos disponibles a\u00fan no son concluyentes en cuanto a las exacerbaciones relacionadas con olas de calor.\nPalabras clave: Ola de calor; Cambio clim\u00e1tico; Salud p\u00fablica; Enfermedades respiratorias; Asma; Dermatitis at\u00f3pica; Pacientes pedi\u00e1tricos; M\u00e9xico; Am\u00e9rica latina; Rinitis al\u00e9rgica.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v72i4.1454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:33:53Z","timestamp":1767828833000},"page":"348-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["&lt;b&gt;Olas de calor y su repercusi\u00f3n en las enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas: Reporte de Grupo del Comit\u00e9 de Medio Ambiente del Colegio Mexicano de Inmunolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Alergia (CMICA) &lt;\/b&gt;","&lt;b&gt;The impact of heat waves in allergic diseases: Group Report of the Environmental Committee of the Mexican College of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (CMICA) &lt;\/b&gt;"],"prefix":"10.29262","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Luz","family":"Cid del Prado Izquierdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9dica Bosques, Toluca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6692-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy Elizabeth","family":"De Lira Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Leticia","family":"Aguirre Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Pedi\u00e1trica Pigui, Hospital Espa\u00f1ol de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8250-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Alberto","family":"Azuara Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona 2, IMSS, Hermosillo, Sonora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0207-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Ter\u00e1n Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11808","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"65385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith TT, Zaitchik BF, Gohlke JM. Heat waves in the United States: definitions, patterns and trends. Climatic change. 2013; 118: 811-825. doi: 10.1007\/s10584-012-0659-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0659-2"},{"key":"65386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Wang Y, Lin L, Xu Z, et al. Have residents adapted to heat wave and cold spell in the 21st century? Evidence from 136 Chinese cities. Environment International. 2023; 173: 107811. doi:10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107811"},{"key":"65387","unstructured":"3. Trenberth AKE, Hoskins EB, Jones AP, et al. Observations: Surface and atmospheric climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. 2025. https:\/\/opensky.ucar.edu\/islandora\/object\/books%3A281"},{"key":"65388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Witt C, Schubert AJ, Jehn M, et al. The effects of climate change on patients with chronic lung disease: a systematic literature review. Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International. 2015; 112 (51-52): 878.doi: 10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0878.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0878"},{"key":"65389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Tuerdi N, Cao X, Tang H, et al. Combined effect of heatwaves and residential greenness on the risk of stroke among Chinese adults: A national cohort study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2025; 299: 118356. doi:10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118356"},{"key":"65390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Yin P, Chen R, Wang L, et al. The added effects of heatwaves on cause-specific mortality: A nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities. Environment International. 2018; 121: 898-905. doi:10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.016"},{"key":"65391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Bunting EL, Tolmanov V, Keellings D. What is a heat wave: A survey and literature synthesis of heat wave definitions across the United States. PLOS Climate. 2024; 3 (9): e0000468. doi:10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000468","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000468"},{"key":"65392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Mason H, King JC, Peden AE, Franklin RC. Systematic review of the impact of heatwaves on health service demand in Australia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022; 22 (1): 960. doi:10.1186\/s12913-022-08341-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08341-3"},{"key":"65393","unstructured":"9. J\u00e1uregui E. Las ondas de calor en la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico. Invest Geogr\u00e1f. 2009; (70). doi:10.14350\/rig.18078"},{"key":"65394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Barrios-Barocio A, Peralta O, Ochoa-Moya CA, et al. Heat wave: a new characterization in terms of energy. Front Environ Sci. 2024; 12: 1474608. doi:10.3389\/fenvs.2024.1474608","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2024.1474608"},{"key":"65395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Araiza-Olivares GA. La isla de calor en la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: un an\u00e1lisis decadal (1950-2010). Revista Geogr\u00e1fica de Am\u00e9rica Central. 2022; (69): 415-436. doi:10.15359\/rgac.69\/2.15","DOI":"10.15359\/rgac.69-2.15"},{"key":"65396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Navarro\u2010Estupi\u00f1an J, Robles\u2010Morua A, Vivoni ER, et al. Observed trends and future projections of extreme heat events in Sonora, Mexico. Int J Climatol. 2018; 38 (14): 5168-5181.doi:10.1002\/joc.5719","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5719"},{"key":"65397","unstructured":"13. C\u00f3rdova S\u00e1ez K. Impactos de las islas t\u00e9rmicas o islas de calor urbano, en el ambiente y la salud humana: An\u00e1lisis estacional comparativo: Caracas, octubre- 2009, marzo- 2010. Terra. 2011;27(42):95-122."},{"key":"65398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Demain JG, Choi YJ, Oh JW. The Impact of Climate Change on the Pollen Allergy and Sporulation of Allergic Fungi. Curr Treat Options Allerg. 2021; 8 (1): 60-73. doi:10.1007\/s40521-020-00277-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-020-00277-5"},{"key":"65399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. d\u2019Amato G, Chong\u2010Neto HJ, Monge Ortega OP, et al. The effects of climate change on respiratory allergy and asthma induced by pollen and mold allergens. Allergy. 2020; 75 (9): 2219-2228. doi: 10.1111\/all.14476","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14476"},{"key":"65400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Friedlingstein P, O\u2019Sullivan M, Jones M, et al. Global Carbon Budget 2024. Earth System Science Data. 2025; 17(3): 965-1039. doi:10.5194\/essd-17-965-2025","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-965-2025"},{"key":"65401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Agache I, Sampath V, Aguilera J, et al. Climate change and global health: a call to more research and more action. Allergy. 2022; 77(5): 1389-1407. doi: 10.1111\/all.16205","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15229"},{"key":"65402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Perera F, Nadeau K. Climate change, fossil-fuel pollution, and children\u2019s health. N Eng J Med. 2022; 386 (24): 2303-2314. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMra2117706","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2117706"},{"key":"65403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, et al., eds. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021. doi:10.1017\/9781009157896","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896"},{"key":"65404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. D\u2019Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, et al. Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: an update. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 16 (5): 434-440. doi:10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000301","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000301"},{"key":"65405","unstructured":"21. Knutson T, Chung MV, Vecchi G, et al. ScienceBrief Review: Climate change is probably increasing the intensity of tropical cyclones.2021 In: Critical Issues in Climate Change Science, edited by: Corinne Le Que\u0301re\u0301, Peter Liss & Piers Forster. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4570334"},{"key":"65406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Pacheco SE, Guidos-Fogelbach G, Annesi-Maesano I, et al. Climate change and global issues in allergy and immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021; 148 (6): 1366-1377. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.011"},{"key":"65407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Llamas-Velasco M, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edez A. Cambio clim\u00e1tico y piel: retos diagn\u00f3sticos y terap\u00e9uticos. Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas. 2010; 101 (5): 401-410. doi: 10.1016\/j.ad.2009.12.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2009.12.019"},{"key":"65408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Whitman S, Good G, Donoghue E, et al. Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. Am J Pub Health. 1997; 87 (9): 1515-1518. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1515","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1515"},{"key":"65409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Robine JM, Cheung SLK, Le Roy S, et al. Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 2008; 331 (2): 171-U5. doi:10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001"},{"key":"65410","unstructured":"26. Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Emergencias En Salud: Ola de Calor y Medidas a Tomar \u2013 Revisi\u00f3n Preliminar. OPS; 2019."},{"key":"65411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Dunn RJH, Blannin J, Gobron N, et al. Global Climate. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2024; 105 (8): S12-S155. doi:10.1175\/BAMS-D-24-0116.1","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-24-0116.1"},{"key":"65412","unstructured":"28. US EPA O. Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves. 2021. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climate-indicators\/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves"},{"key":"65413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. McDonald RI, Biswas T, Sachar C, et al. The tree cover and temperature disparity in US urbanized areas: Quantifying the association with income across 5,723 communities. PloS one. 2021; 16 (4): e0249715.doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0249715","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249715"},{"key":"65414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Anderson GB, Bell ML. Heat Waves in the United States: Mortality Risk during Heat Waves and Effect Modification by Heat Wave Characteristics in 43 U.S. Communities. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119 (2): 210-218. doi:10.1289\/ehp.1002313","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002313"},{"key":"65415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez J. Estudio de la isla de calor de la ciudad de Alicante. Ingeo. 2014; (62): 83. doi:10.14198\/INGEO2014.62.06","DOI":"10.14198\/INGEO2014.62.06"},{"key":"65416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Barrera Alarc\u00f3n IG, Caudillo Cos CA, Medina Fern\u00e1ndez SL, et al. The surface urban heat island and its manifestation in the urban structure of Mexico City. Revista de ciencias tecnol\u00f3gicas. 2022; 5 (3). doi: 10.37636\/recit.v5n3e227","DOI":"10.37636\/recit.v53312330"},{"key":"65417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Leap SR, Soled DR, Sampath V, et al. Effects of extreme weather on health in underserved communities. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024; 133 (1): 20-27. doi:10.1016\/j.anai.2024.04.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.04.018"},{"key":"65418","unstructured":"34. Ballinas M. La isla de calor urbana y la Mitigaci\u00f3n de la isla de calor urbana a partir de la vegetaci\u00f3n arb\u00f3rea. 2013. Publicaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda de la UNAM. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Victor-Barradas\/publication\/265905412_La_isla_de_calor_urbana_y_la_vegetacion_arborea\/links\/542033ce0cf203f155c2b8b8\/La-isla-de-calor-urbana-y-la-vegetacion-arborea.pdf"},{"key":"65419","unstructured":"35. Jauregui E. The urban climate of Mexico City. Urban Climatology and its applications with special regard to tropical areas. In: 1984: 63-86. doi.org\/10.3112\/erdkunde.1973.04.06"},{"key":"65420","unstructured":"36. Olas de calor: gu\u00eda para acciones basadas en la salud. 2025. https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/55244"},{"key":"65421","unstructured":"37. Olas de calor: gu\u00eda para acciones basadas en la salud - OPS\/OMS | Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud. 2021. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/es\/documentos\/olas-calor-guia-para-acciones-basadas-salud"},{"key":"65422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. El Khayat M, Halwani DA, Hneiny L, et al. Impacts of climate change and heat stress on farmworkers\u2019 health: A scoping review. Front Pub Health. 2022; 10: 782811.doi: 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.782811","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.782811"},{"key":"65423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Sahu S, Sett M, Kjellstrom T. Heat Exposure, Cardiovascular Stress and Work Productivity in Rice Harvesters in India: Implications for a Climate Change Future. Ind Health. 2013; 51 (4): 424-431. doi: 10.2486\/indhealth.2013-0006","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2013-0006"},{"key":"65424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Gubernot DM, Anderson GB, Hunting KL. Characterizing Occupational Heat-Related Mortality in the United States, 2000-2010: An Analysis Using the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Database. Am J Ind Med. 2015; 58 (2): 203-211. doi:10.1002\/ajim.22381","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22381"},{"key":"65425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Frimpong K, Van Etten EEJ, Oosthuzien J, et al. Heat exposure on farmers in northeast Ghana. Int J Biometeorol. 2017; 61 (3): 397-406. doi:10.1007\/s00484-016-1219-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1219-7"},{"key":"65426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Menzel A, Sparks TH, Estrella N, et al. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Glob Change Biol. 2006; 12 (10): 1969-1976. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x"},{"key":"65427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Marselle MR, Stadler J, Korn H, et al. Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change. Springer Nature; 2019. doi:10.1007\/978-3-030-02318-8_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02318-8"},{"key":"65428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Damialis A, Fotiou C, Halley JM, et al. Effects of environmental factors on pollen production in anemophilous woody species. Trees-Struct Funct. 2011; 25 (2): 253-264. doi:10.1007\/s00468-010-0502-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-010-0502-1"},{"key":"65429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Beggs PJ. Environmental Allergens: from Asthma to Hay Fever and Beyond. Curr Clim Change Rep. 2015; 1 (3): 176-184. doi:10.1007\/s40641-015-0018-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40641-015-0018-2"},{"key":"65430","unstructured":"46. Garcia-Mozo H, Galan C, Jato V, et al. Quercus pollen season dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula: Response to meteorological parameters and possible consequences of climate change. Ann Agr Env Med. 2006; 13 (2): 209-224."},{"key":"65431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Zhang Y, Steiner AL. Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States. Nat Commun. 2022; 13 (1): 1234. doi:10.1038\/s41467-022-28764-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28764-0"},{"key":"65432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Ziska LH, Makra L, Harry SK, et al. Temperature-related changes in airborne allergenic pollen abundance and seasonality across the northern hemisphere: a retrospective data analysis. Lancet Planetary Health. 2019; 3 (3): e124-e131. doi: 10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30219-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30015-4"},{"key":"65433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Tham R, Dharmage SC, Taylor PE, et al. Outdoor fungi and child asthma health service attendances. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014; 25 (5): 439-449. doi:10.1111\/pai.12257","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12257"},{"key":"65434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Erbas B, Akram M, Dharmage SC, et al. The role of seasonal grass pollen on childhood asthma emergency department presentations. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012; 42 (5): 799-805. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.03995.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.03995.x"},{"key":"65435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Rossiello MR, Szema A. Health Effects of Climate Change-induced Wildfires and Heatwaves. Cureus. 2019. doi:10.7759\/cureus.4771","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4771"},{"key":"65436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Pazmi\u00f1o D. Diferencias en el clima que produce incendios forestales y de olas de calor en Victoria, Australia. Fi. 2020; 1 (1): 26-39. doi:10.29166\/revfig.v1i1.1419","DOI":"10.29166\/revfig.v1i1.1419"},{"key":"65437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Jolly WM, Cochrane MA, Freeborn PH, et al. Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013. Nat Commun. 2015; 6 (1): 7537. doi:10.1038\/ncomms8537","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8537"},{"key":"65438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Vardoulakis S, Jalaludin BB, Morgan GG, et al. Bushfire smoke: urgent need for a national health protection strategy. Medical Journal of Australia. 2020; 212 (8): 349. doi:10.5694\/mja2.50511","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50511"},{"key":"65439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Williamson GJ, Bowman DMJS, Price OF, et al. A transdisciplinary approach to understanding the health effects of wildfire and prescribed fire smoke regimes. Environ Res Lett. 2016; 11 (12): 125009. doi:10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/12\/125009","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/12\/125009"},{"key":"65440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Grigorieva E, Lukyanets A. Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6). doi:10.3390\/atmos12060790","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12060790"},{"key":"65441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. Needleman RK, Neylan IP, Erickson T. Potential environmental and ecological effects of global climate change on venomous terrestrial species in the wilderness. Wildern Environment Med. 2018; 29 (2): 226-238.doi: 10.1016\/j.wem.2017.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2017.11.004"},{"key":"65442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. Demain JG, Minaei AA, Tracy JM. Anaphylaxis and insect allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 10 (4): 318-322. doi:10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833a6c72","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833a6c72"},{"key":"65443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Patel C, Iweala OI. \u2018Doc, will I ever eat steak again?\u2019: diagnosis and management of alpha-gal syndrome. Current Opin Pediatri. 2020;32(6):816-824. doi:10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000955","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000955"},{"key":"65444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Kenny G, Yardley J, Brown C, Sigal R, Jay O. Heat stress in older individuals and patients with common chronic diseases. Can Med Assoc J. 2010; 182 (10): 1053-1060. doi:10.1503\/cmaj.081050","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081050"},{"key":"65445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Soneja S, Jiang C, Fisher J, et al. A. Exposure to extreme heat and precipitation events associated with increased risk of hospitalization for asthma in Maryland, USA. Environment Health. 2016; 15: 1-7. doi: 10.1186\/s12940-016-0142-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0142-z"},{"key":"65446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62. Uibel D, Sharma R, Piontkowski D, et al. Association of ambient extreme heat with pediatric morbidity: a scoping review. Int J Biometeorol. 2022; 66 (8): 1683-1698. doi:10.1007\/s00484-022-02310-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-022-02310-5"},{"key":"65447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Anenberg SC, Haines S, Wang E, et al. Synergistic health effects of air pollution, temperature, and pollen exposure: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health. 2020; 19: 130. doi:10.1186\/s12940-020-00681-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00681-z"},{"key":"65448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Monteiro A, Carvalho V, Oliveira T, et al. Excess mortality and morbidity during the July 2006 heat wave in Porto, Portugal. Int J Biometeorol. 2013; 57 (1): 155-167. doi:10.1007\/S00484-012-0543-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0543-9"},{"key":"65449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65. Wang T, Chiang E, Moreno-Vinasco L, et al. Particulate Matter Disrupts Human Lung Endothelial Barrier Integrity via ROS- and p38 MAPK-Dependent Pathways. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol. 2010; 42 (4): 442-449. doi:10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0402OC","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0402OC"},{"key":"65450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66. Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Gallelli L, et al. Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Asthma and COPD: Pathogenic Aspects and Potential Targeted Therapies. DDDT. 2021; 15: 1275-1284. doi:10.2147\/DDDT.S300988","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S300988"},{"key":"65451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67. Sampath V, Aguilera J, Prunicki M, et al. Mechanisms of climate change and related air pollution on the immune system leading to allergic disease and asthma. Sem Immunol. 2023; 67: 101765. doi:10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101765"},{"key":"65452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68. Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, et al. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024; 153 (5): 1194-1205. doi:10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.01.016"},{"key":"65453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Heled Y, Fleischmann C, Epstein Y. Cytokines and their role in hyperthermia and heat stroke. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2013; 24 (2): 85-96. doi:10.1515\/jbcpp-2012-0040","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2012-0040"},{"key":"65454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70. Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, et al. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Sign Transduct Targ Ther. 2023; 8 (1): 261. doi: 10.1038\/s41392-023-01464-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01464-x"},{"key":"65455","unstructured":"71. Mart\u00ednez LG, C\u00e1rdenas RDS, Garc\u00eda SV, et al. Transient receptor potential ion channels and their leading role in analgesic therapy. Rev Cubana Invest Biom\u00e9d. 2015; 34 (3): 278-288."},{"key":"65456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72. Garcia-Bertran S, Serra-Baldrich N, Baselga E, et al. Agentes externos en la dermatitis at\u00f3pica: nuevos conceptos en multiprotecci\u00f3n. Piel. 2017; 32 (6): 339-348. doi:10.1016\/j.piel.2017.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.piel.2017.03.002"},{"key":"65457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73. \u00c7elebi S\u00f6zener Z, Treffeisen ER, \u00d6zdel \u00d6zt\u00fcrk B, et al. Global warming and implications for epithelial barrier disruption and respiratory and dermatologic allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023; 152 (5): 1033-1046. doi:10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.001"},{"key":"65458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74. Llamas-Velasco M, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edez A. Cambio clim\u00e1tico y piel: retos diagn\u00f3sticos y terap\u00e9uticos. Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas. 2010; 101 (5): 401-410. doi:10.1016\/j.ad.2009.12.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2009.12.019"},{"key":"65459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75. Chen Z, Li M, Lan T, et al. Effects of ambient temperature on atopic dermatitis and attributable health burden: a 6-year time-series study in Chengdu, China. PeerJ. 2023; 11: e15209. doi:10.7717\/peerj.15209","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15209"},{"key":"65460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"76. Hui-Beckman J, Goleva E, Leung D, et al. The impact of temperature on the skin barrier and atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023; 131 (6): 713-719. doi:10.1016\/j.anai.2023.08.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.08.007"},{"key":"65461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77. Mildner M, Jin J, Eckhart L, et al. Knockdown of Filaggrin Impairs Diffusion Barrier Function and Increases UV Sensitivity in a Human Skin Model. J Invest Dermatol. 2010; 130 (9): 2286-2294. doi:10.1038\/jid.2010.115","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.115"},{"key":"65462","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"78. Kinney PL, Ge B, Sampath V, et al. Health-based strategies for overcoming barriers to climate change adaptation and mitigation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023; 152 (5): 1053-1059. doi:10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.012"},{"key":"65463","unstructured":"79. Bienestar I de S para el. D\u00eda Mundial de la Alergia | 8 de julio. gob.mx. Accessed September 24, 2025. http:\/\/www.gob.mx\/insabi\/articulos\/dia-mundial-de-la-alergia-8-de-julio?idiom=es"}],"container-title":["Revista Alergia M\u00e9xico"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1454\/2795","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1454\/2818","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1454\/2795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:51:40Z","timestamp":1783367500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/view\/1454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29262\/ram.v72i4.1454","relation":{},"ISSN":["2448-9190","0002-5151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2448-9190","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-5151","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}