{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T21:44:55Z","timestamp":1776721495223,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Colegio Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia, A. C.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Alerg Mex"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antecedentes: La infecci\u00f3n pulmonar por Lophomonas blattarum es una infestaci\u00f3n poco frecuente en pacientes sanos. En M\u00e9xico se ha reportado esta enfermedad solo en pacientes inmunodeprimidos.\nReporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 30 a\u00f1os con s\u00edntomas respiratorios cr\u00f3nicos, incluyendo tos h\u00fameda y hemoptisis, que no mejoraron con antibi\u00f3ticos. Tras varios tratamientos fallidos y una broncoscopia, se identific\u00f3 el protozoario Lophomonas blattarum, diagnostic\u00e1ndose lofomoniasis pulmonar. Recibi\u00f3 tratamiento con metronidazol, pero los s\u00edntomas persistieron y recurrieron. Una segunda broncoscopia confirm\u00f3 la reaparici\u00f3n. Meses despu\u00e9s, por tos persistente, un alerg\u00f3logo diagnostic\u00f3 patr\u00f3n obstructivo moderado. El paciente finalmente encontr\u00f3 alivio sintom\u00e1tico con un broncodilatador de acci\u00f3n prolongada y corticosteroide inhalado, ajustando su tratamiento tras la remisi\u00f3n.\nCoclusones: La infecci\u00f3n por Lophomoniasis pulmonar debe considerarse en el diagn\u00f3stico diferencial de pacientes con s\u00edntomas pulmonares que reciben diversos esquemas de tratamiento y no se obtiene la mejor\u00eda esperada, incluso con factores de riesgo: estado de inmunosupresi\u00f3n, h\u00e1bitat rural, higiene deficiente, s\u00edntomas recurrentes, entre otros. Tambi\u00e9n es importante sospechar e identificar alteraciones respiratorias de base, sobre todo en pacientes con asma con deficiente control o que reciben tratamiento con medicamento convencionales.\nPalabras clave: Lophomoniasis pulmonar; Hemoptisis; Antibi\u00f3ticos; Broncoscopia; Tos persistente; Diagn\u00f3stico diferencial; Factores de riesgo; Inmunosupresi\u00f3n; Asma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v72i4.1555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:37:22Z","timestamp":1767829042000},"page":"386-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["&lt;b&gt;Infecci\u00f3n por &lt;\/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lophomonas blattarum &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;en un paciente sin factores de riesgo identificados: Reporte de caso &lt;\/b&gt;","&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lophomonas blattarum &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;infection in a patient without identified risk factors: Case report &lt;\/b&gt;"],"prefix":"10.29262","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Luisa Paulina","family":"P. Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n de enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas y respiratorias"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4634-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Valente","family":"M\u00e9rida-Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n de enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas y respiratorias"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2131-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Manuel","family":"M\u00e9rida-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n de enfermedades al\u00e9rgicas y respiratorias"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11808","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"65531","unstructured":"1. Chaudhury A, Parija S. Lophomonas blattarum: A New flagellate causing respiratory tract infections. Trop parasitol 2020; 10 (1): 7-11. DOI: 10. 4103\/tp. TP 81 19."},{"key":"65532","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Morales G, Ceferino Y, C\u00e1rdenas J, et al. Lophomoniasis pulmonar. Col. Mex. Med. Cr\u00edt. 2019; 33 (3): 150-154. http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-89092019000300150&lng=es","DOI":"10.35366\/88517"},{"key":"65533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Li R, Gao ZC. Lophomonas blattarum infection or Just the Movement of Ciliated Epithelial Cells? Chin Med J 2016; 129 (6): 739-742. DOI: 10.4103\/0366-6999-178025.","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.178025"},{"key":"65534","unstructured":"4. Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n R, Doganci L. Lophomonas blattarum: A Bronchopulmonary Pathogen. Acta Cytol 2010; 54 (59): 1050-1."},{"key":"65535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Mewara A, Gile G, Mathinson B, et al. Lophomonas as respiratory pathogen-jumping the gun. J Cl\u00edn Microbiol 2023; 62 (1): e00845-23. DOI: 10. 1128\/jcm.00845-23.","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00845-23"},{"key":"65536","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Van Woerden H, Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n R, Mart\u00ednez-Torres C. Protozoan Cysts in fecal Pellets of German Cockroaches (Blatella germanica), with Particular Emphasis on Lophomonas blattarum. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65: 831-836. DOI: 10.2478\/s11686-020-00213-2.","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00213-2"},{"key":"65537","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Xue J, Li Y, Yu X, et al. Bronchopulmonary infection of Lophomonas blattarum: A Case and Literature Review. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52 (5): 521-525. DOI: 10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.5.521.","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.5.521"},{"key":"65538","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Camargo F, M\u00e1ttar S, Gonz\u00e1lez M. Lophomonas blattarum par\u00e1sito de cucarachas que causa neumon\u00edas infrecuentes en humanos. Rev MVZ C\u00f3rdoba 2020; 25 (1). DOI: 0. 21897\/mvz.1948","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.1948"},{"key":"65539","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Gonz\u00e1lez N, Otero F, Rivas F, et al. Bronchopulmonary infection by Lophomonas blattarum in a pediatric patient after hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: first report in Mexico. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9 (10): E899-E902. DOI: 10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.19","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.19"},{"key":"65540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Ding Q, Shen K. Pulmonary Infection with Lophomonas blattarum. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88 (1) 23-27. DOI: 10.1007\/s12098-020-03311-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03311-1"},{"key":"65541","unstructured":"11. Mizzazadeh F, Berenji F, Amini M, et al. Lophomonas blattarum in Asthmatic Patients and Control Group. J Res Med Dent Sci 2017; 5 (5): 1-5. DOI: 10.24896\/jrmds.2017551"},{"key":"65542","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Tyagi R, Bala K, Teple K, et al. Lophomonas blattarum infection in immunocompetent patient. Lung India 2016; 33 (6): 667-668. DOI: 10. 4103\/0970-2113.192867.","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.192867"},{"key":"65543","unstructured":"13. Bakshaee M, Teimouri Y, Azad F, et al. Detection of Lophomonas blattarum (Order: Hypermastigida) from Iranian Patients with Allergic Rhinitis. Ir\u00e1n J Parasitol 2022; 17 (4): 583-588. DOI: 10. 18502\/jipa.v17i4.11286."},{"key":"65544","unstructured":"14. M\u00e9rida J, M\u00e9rida P. Asma grave. En: Rojo M., Moncayo C., et al. Todo de asma. 1era ed. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico. Lettra G. (2023) 181-203."},{"key":"65545","unstructured":"15. Alobid I, \u00c1lvarez C, Bercedo S, et al. Gu\u00eda Espa\u00f1ola para el Manejo del Asma. Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda de T\u00f3rax 2024; 23-37."},{"key":"65546","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Van Woerden H, Ratier-Cruz A, Aleshinloyz O, et al. Association between protozoa in sputum and asthma: A case-control study. Respir Med 2011; 105 (6): 877-884. DOI: 10.1016\/j.rmed.2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.11.016"},{"key":"65547","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n R, Van Woerden HC. Lophomonas blattarum and Bronchopulmonary disease. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62: 1641-1648. DOI: 10.1099\/jmm.0.059311-0","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.059311-0"},{"key":"65548","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Alam-Eldin Y, Abdulaziz A. Identification criteria of the Rare Multi-flagellate Lophomonas blattarum: comparison of diferente Staining techniques. Parasitol Res 2015; 114 (9): 3309-3314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4554-4"},{"key":"65549","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Fakhar M, Nakhaei M, Sharifpour A, et al. First Molecular Diagnosis of Lophomoniasis: the End of a Controversia Story. Acta Parasitol 2016; 64 (2): 390-393. DOI: 10. 2478\/s11686-019-00084-2.","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-019-00084-2"},{"key":"65550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Lee M, Hwang S, Park J, et al. Lophomonas blattarum-like organism in bronchoalveolar lavage from pneumonia patient: current diagnostic scheme and polymerase chain reaction can lead to false-positive results. Parasite Hosts Dis 2023; 61 (2): 202-209. DOI: 10. 3347\/PDH.22107.","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.22107"},{"key":"65551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. V\u00e1squez-Revilla H, Revilla-Rodriguez E, Mill\u00e1n-Villavicencio I. Identificaci\u00f3n de Lophomonas blattarum en secreci\u00f3n bronquial de un paciente con COVID-19. Reporte de un caso y revisi\u00f3n de literatura. Col Mex Med Cr\u00edt 2022; 36 (3). DOI: 10.35366\/105386.","DOI":"10.35366\/105386"},{"key":"65552","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Meng S, Dai ZF, Wang HC, et al. Authenticity of pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection. A case report. World J Cl\u00edn Cases 2019; 7 (1): 95-101. DOI: 10.12998\/wjec.v\/.i1.95","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i1.95"},{"key":"65553","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Moya-Salazar J, Salazar-Hern\u00e1ndez R, L\u00f3pez-Hinostraza M, et al. Lophomonas isolation in sputum sample at Per\u00fa. Lung India 2021; 38(4). 359-361. DOI: 10.4103\/lungindia_696_20","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_696_20"},{"key":"65554","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Mavoor PP, George S, Chetambath R, et al. A Rare Parasitic Infection from the Common Cockroach: A Case of Lophomonas blattarum from a Tertiary Center in Kerala. Indian J Nephrol 2024; 34 (4): 387-9. DOI: 10.25259\/ijn-520_23","DOI":"10.25259\/ijn_520_23"},{"key":"65555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Zhang X, Xu L, Wang LL, et al. Bronchopulmonary Infection with Lophomonas balttarum: a Case Report and Literature Review. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52 (5): 521-525. DOI: 10.3344\/kjp.2014.52.5.521","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.5.521"},{"key":"65556","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Mart\u00ednez-Gir\u00f3n R, van Woerden H. Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis: emerging disease or unsubstantiated legend? Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 284. DOI: 10. 1186\/1756-3305-7-284.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-284"},{"key":"65557","unstructured":"27. Hurac E. Prevalencia de Lophomonas sp. en pacientes de un hospital general referencia de Callao, Per\u00fa. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina. (2020)"},{"key":"65558","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Pinos N, Ordo\u00f1ez R, Agreda S. Infecci\u00f3n pulmonar por Lophomonas blattarum. Arch Bronconeumolog\u00eda 2021; 57 (9): 594-596. DOI: 10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.12.005"},{"key":"65559","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Wahid W, Ahmad N, Mohad A, et al. Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis: A rare cause of pneumonia in an immunosuppressed host. Respir Med Case Rep 2019. DOI: 10.1016\/j.rmcr.2019.100937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2019.100939"},{"key":"65560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Nasseri Z, Mirsdraee M, Varkiani M, et al. Effective Treatment of Chronic Cough with Tinidazol as the Newest Antiprotozoa against Lophomonas blattarum. J Parasitol Res 2022. DOI: 10.1155\/2022\/2413941","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2413941"}],"container-title":["Revista Alergia M\u00e9xico"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1555\/2801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1555\/2824","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/download\/1555\/2801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T20:57:02Z","timestamp":1776718622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistaalergia.mx\/ojs\/index.php\/ram\/article\/view\/1555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29262\/ram.v72i4.1555","relation":{},"ISSN":["2448-9190","0002-5151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2448-9190","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-5151","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}