{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T10:26:08Z","timestamp":1787221568345,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    <jats:bold>ABSTRACT<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-operative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognised complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). The magnitude of the problem is unclear, and contradictory evidence surrounds postulated risk factors. POUR risks patient distress, catheter-complications and a financial and logistical burden to services. Separately, in the field of IHR, there has been a lack of research into patients\u2019 perceptions of surgical \u2018success\u2019. Our aim is to perform a two-phase, multi-centre prospective study to:<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RETAINER I: We propose a 24-week prospective study with voluntary international participation in 4 week blocks. All patients undergoing elective IH repair (minimally-invasive\/open) will be eligible. Standardised data collection will include patient and perioperative factors. Primary outcome will be development of POUR, defined as the need for insertion of a urinary catheter as determined by the treating clinician. Secondary outcomes will be identification of factors predisposing to POUR and the impact of POUR.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>RETAINER II: A patient reported outcome measure will be developed using representative patient focus groups for item generation, from which an initial questionnaire will be developed and piloted. Validity, reliability, sensitivity and reproducibility will be assessed using the QQ-10 and standard psychometric methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an international multicentre collaborative approach will produce the necessary volume of patients, whilst capturing inter-centre variability, to accurately reflect POUR rates and allow analysis of risk factors. This patient pool will provide an excellent opportunity to develop a PROM using appropriate qualitative methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights: RETAINER I &amp; II Protocols<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.29337\/ijsp.137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T07:16:51Z","timestamp":1619162211000},"page":"42-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["RETention of urine After INguinal hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER study I and II)"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"STEFANIE M.","family":"CROGHAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTINA A.","family":"FLEMING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HELEN M.","family":"MOHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DEENA","family":"HARJI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JARLATH C.","family":"BOLGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JESSIE A.","family":"ELLIOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"BOLAND","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PETER E.","family":"LONERGAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PATRICK","family":"DILLON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID M.","family":"QUINLAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DES C.","family":"WINTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-017-1661-4","article-title":"Postoperative urinary retention after inguinal hernia repair: a single institution experience","volume":"21","author":"Blair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"issue":"11","key":"R2-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4068-2","article-title":"Surgery duration predicts urinary retention after inguinal herniorrhaphy: a single institution review","volume":"29","author":"Hudak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"R3-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-4039-z","article-title":"Risk factors for urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-7-20260820","first-page":"13","article-title":"The role of peri-operative use of alpha-blocker in preventing lower urinary tract symptoms in high risk patients of urinary retention undergoing inguinal hernia repair in males above 50 years","volume":"112","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R5-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2538-3","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open repair of inguinal hernia: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"27","author":"El-Dhuwaib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6-7-20260820","first-page":"755","article-title":"Efficacy Of Local Anaesthesia In Repair Of Inguinal Hernia","volume":"28","author":"Rafiq","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"issue":"3","key":"R7-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.10.042","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for urinary retention after endoscopic hernia repair","volume":"191","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-8934-y","article-title":"Perioperative outcomes and complications of open vs laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in a mature surgical practice","volume":"18","author":"Winslow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R9-7-20260820","first-page":"135","article-title":"Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: review of 6 years experience","volume":"101","author":"Vanclooster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"issue":"2","key":"R10-7-20260820","first-page":"218","article-title":"An audit of the early outcomes of ambulatory inguinal hernia repair at a surgical day-care centre","volume":"6","author":"Lau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"R11-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4038-z","article-title":"Rives Technique for the Primary Larger Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Prospective Study of 1000 Repairs","volume":"41","author":"Grau-Talens","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2016.01.001","article-title":"Local anaesthesia versus spinal anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Prakash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"issue":"5","key":"R13-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819f7aea","article-title":"Postoperative urinary retention: anesthetic and perioperative considerations","volume":"110","author":"Baldini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-2-200207160-00012","article-title":"Indwelling urinary catheters: a one-point restraint?","volume":"137","author":"Saint","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1086\/657912","article-title":"Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs","volume":"32","author":"Umscheid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005099","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005099","article-title":"A point prevalence cross-sectional study of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in six Australian hospitals","volume":"4","author":"Gardner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(00)90015-4","article-title":"Clinical and economic consequences of nosocomial catheter-related bacteriuria","volume":"28","author":"Saint","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"1052","key":"R21-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2012-131393","article-title":"Outcomes in UK patients with hospital-acquired bacteraemia and the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections","volume":"89","author":"Melzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"R22-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00006","article-title":"Determining the noninfectious complications of indwelling urethral catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R23-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-014-1120-5","article-title":"Attitudes among junior doctors towards improving the transurethral catheterisation process","volume":"184","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"R24-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.05.114","article-title":"Incidence, Cost, Complications and Clinical Outcomes of Iatrogenic Urethral Catheterization Injuries: A Prospective Multi-Institutional Study","volume":"196","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R25-7-20260820","first-page":"52","article-title":"Catheterization: how far should you go?","volume":"56","author":"Trout","year":"1993","journal-title":"RN"},{"issue":"10","key":"R26-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.10.1150","article-title":"Predictive factors for unanticipated admissions after ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"136","author":"Lau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"R27-7-20260820","first-page":"153","article-title":"Factors involved in unplanned admissions from general surgical day-care in a modern protected facility","volume":"106","author":"Awan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"R29-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.015","article-title":"The attributable cost of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the United States: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Hollenbeak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"R30-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-016-1451-5","article-title":"Evaluating the cost of iatrogenic urethral catheterisation injuries","volume":"186","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"9596","key":"R31-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"R32-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.06.012","article-title":"A systematic analysis highlighting deficiencies in reported outcomes for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer undergoing palliative resection of the primary tumour","volume":"44","author":"Harji","year":"2018","journal-title":"European journal of surgical oncology: the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R33-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-018-01875-8","article-title":"Sustainability of the relationship between preoperative symptoms and postoperative improvement in quality of life after inguinal hernia repair","volume":"23","author":"Magnusson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"R34-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-79","article-title":"Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance","volume":"4","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"9","key":"R35-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9540-9","article-title":"Qualitative research and content validity: developing best practices based on science and experience","volume":"18","author":"Brod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R36-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.013","article-title":"Content validity\u2014establishing and reporting the evidence in newly developed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments for medical product evaluation: ISPOR PRO Good Research Practices Task Force report: part 2\u2014assessing respondent understanding","volume":"14","author":"Patrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"R37-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00603.x","article-title":"Use of existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments and their modification: the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Evaluating and Documenting Content Validity for the Use of Existing Instruments and Their Modification PRO Task Force Report","volume":"12","author":"Rothman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R38-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015291021312","article-title":"Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria","volume":"11","author":"Aaronson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R39-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzs051","article-title":"Development of an instrument to measure face validity, feasibility and utility of patient questionnaire use during health care: the QQ-10","volume":"24","author":"Moores","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"R41-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.11.025","article-title":"Comparison of generic versus specific quality-of-life scales for mesh hernia repairs","volume":"206","author":"Heniford","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"R42-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.04.026","article-title":"A prospective, multicenter, observational study on quality of life after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with ProGrip laparoscopic, self-fixating mesh according to the European Registry for Abdominal Wall Hernias Quality of Life Instrument","volume":"160","author":"Muysoms","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"R46-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023291300862","article-title":"Cognitive aspects of survey methodology and quality of life assessment: summary of meeting","volume":"12","author":"Barofsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R48-7-20260820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02003-w","article-title":"PERioperative Fluid Management in Elective ColecTomy (PERFECT)-a national prospective cohort study","volume":"188","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.29337\/ijsp.137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T10:00:36Z","timestamp":1787220036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.29337\/ijsp.137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29337\/ijsp.137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-3574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-3574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}