{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:28:23Z","timestamp":1787239703355,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    <jats:bold>ABSTRACT<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis results in IgE mediated hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa. The mainstay of management is allergen identification and avoidance, pharmacotherapy with antihistamines, corticosteroids and nasal douching and immunotherapy. Patients refractory to medical management can be offered surgical interventions aimed at providing symptom relief. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical intervention on functional and symptomatic outcomes in patients with allergic rhinitis that have failed medical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective and retrospective studies that assess the effectiveness of intranasal surgery to include inferior turbinate surgery, posterior nerve resection, vidian neurectomy, septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients that have failed medical treatment for proven allergic rhinitis. Medline, Web of Science and Embase will be searched for studies published in English from 1990. Two authors will independently screen the search results and assess the full text of potentially relevant studies. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria will be critically appraised and the data will be extracted and synthesised by two authors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and Dissemination:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was not required for this study as secondary data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed medical journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020223773).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights:<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.29337\/ijsp.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T05:10:29Z","timestamp":1628831429000},"page":"178-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical Approaches for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review 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