{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T14:30:38Z","timestamp":1793629838983,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cjrt.ca"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"introduction\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This condition disrupts chloride channels and leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. CF\u2019s prevalence is particularly high in Saudi Arabia, where the incidence has increased from 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 1,000 births. Effective management of CF is essential for improving patient outcomes, yet there is a notable lack of understanding regarding respiratory therapists\u2019 (RTs) adherence to established CF management protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive quantitative study aimed to assess RTs\u2019 adherence to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation\u2019s guidelines. Using a convenience sampling technique, a self-report survey was distributed to 750 members of the Saudi Society for Respiratory Care (SSRC), resulting in 351 responses, of which 166 were fully completed and met the inclusion criteria. The survey focused on RTs\u2019 knowledge and management practices related to CF. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and mode) and non-parametric tests. The Kruskal-Wallis Test was employed to evaluate differences in adherence scores across demographic groups (e.g., education level, years of experience). Chi-square analysis was applied to examine relationships between categorical demographic variables (e.g., region of practice) and adherence to guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis revealed significant gaps in RTs\u2019 adherence to CF guidelines, with only 42.8% accurately identifying the sweat chloride threshold for CF diagnosis and a limited 36.1% recognizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a common CF pathogen. Additionally, just 56.6% correctly identified the gold-standard airway clearance therapy. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test further highlighted a statistically significant disparity (p = 0.00) between RTs\u2019 theoretical knowledge and practical application of CF management techniques, emphasizing the need for improved training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"discussion\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest a need for enhanced training and resources to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical management of CF. The lack of adherence to clinical guidelines could impact patient outcomes and survival rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improving RTs\u2019 adherence to CF management guidelines through ongoing education and updated clinical standards is essential. Addressing these gaps could elevate the standard of care and contribute to better patient outcomes and survival rates in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.29390\/001c.129988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T17:21:00Z","timestamp":1741022460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29390\/cjrt.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing respiratory therapists\u2019 compliance with cystic fibrosis guidelines in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive quantitative study"],"prefix":"10.29390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jameel","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kr7zx86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia College & State University","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Turkestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyad","family":"Al Nufaiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raid","family":"Al Zhranei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alhadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Altabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0149jvn88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pecpe58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Guard Health Affairs","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Homoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ma4wv74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Abdulaziz University","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayedh","family":"Ahmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Saud University","department":["Department of Rehabilitation Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kr7zx86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia College & State University","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kr7zx86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia College & State University","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Gardenhire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kr7zx86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia College & State University","department":["Department of Respiratory Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11956","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The Perception of Adherence to Cystic Fibrosis Guidelines by Respiratory Therapist in Saudi Arabia","author":"J. Z. Hakeem","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30187-0","article-title":"Inhaled hypertonic saline in preschool children with cystic fibrosis (SHIP): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"F. Ratjen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"R1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R88","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz139","article-title":"Advances in gene therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"28","author":"Z. Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.050","article-title":"Airway Clearance Techniques in Bronchiectasis: Analysis From the United States Bronchiectasis and Non-TB Mycobacteria Research Registry","volume":"158","author":"A. Basavaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S274196","article-title":"Airway Clearance Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Insights from a Clinician Providing Cystic Fibrosis Care","volume":"14","author":"N. Chaudary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/children9020157","article-title":"Pulmonary Exacerbations in Pediatric Patients: Retrospective Study in a Portuguese Cystic Fibrosis Center","volume":"9","author":"R. Cardoso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-017-1651-7","article-title":"Adherence to COPD management guidelines in general practice? A review of the literature","volume":"187","author":"J. Sehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000207","article-title":"Review on Factors Influencing Physician Guideline Adherence in Cardiology","volume":"27","author":"C. J. G. M. Hoorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202103-284ST","article-title":"Challenges in the Implementation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report","volume":"18","author":"J. R. Hurst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0299517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299517","article-title":"Rationalizing artemisinin-based combination therapies use for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: A situation analysis in health facilities and private pharmacies of Douala 5e-Cameroon","volume":"19","author":"C. E. Eboumbou Moukoko","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.067","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Challenges over 4 Decades: Historical Perspectives and Lessons Learned","volume":"181S","author":"P. M. Farrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13504","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13504","article-title":"The long and winding road to target protein misfolding in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"51","author":"T. Diteepeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_116_18","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation utilization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Results of a national survey","volume":"13","author":"M. D. AlAhmari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4688-7","article-title":"The impact of nurse staffing levels and nurse's education on patient mortality in medical and surgical wards: an observational multicentre study","volume":"19","author":"F. Haegdorens","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.02.031","article-title":"The transfer of theoretical knowledge to clinical practice by nursing students and the difficulties they experience: A qualitative study","volume":"65","author":"U. G\u00fcnay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2018.72.374-388","article-title":"One Hundred Fifty Years of Organized Health Care Services in Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"72","author":"I. Masic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.30707\/TLCSD5.2.1624983591.656565","article-title":"Clinical Education Outcomes and Research Directions in Speech-Language Pathology: A Scoping Review","volume":"5","author":"G. W. Wolford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.37287\/ijghr.v2i3.175","article-title":"Training to Improve Knowledge, Skills and Behaviors of Healthcare Associated Infections Preventions in Nurses","volume":"2","author":"D. G. Baskara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9982661","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9982661","article-title":"The Occupational Therapy Profession in Saudi Arabia","volume":"2024","author":"N. Q. Aljabri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Occup Ther Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2020.08.002","article-title":"Evaluating the transition from nursing student to practicing nurse: An integrative review","volume":"36","author":"K. B. Hampton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prof Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.02.015","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation consensus guidelines for the care of individuals with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"19","author":"S. G. Kapnadak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.036","article-title":"Ion Channel Modulators in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"154","author":"M. Gentzsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.12.002","article-title":"Geographic distribution of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"H. Banjar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27019","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis in Iceland and the high prevalence of the N1303K variant","volume":"59","author":"H. Elidottir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.064","article-title":"Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis: Consensus Guidelines from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation [published correction appears in J Pediatr. 2017 May;184:243. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.02.028.]","volume":"181S","author":"P. M. Farrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-024-02119-4","article-title":"Distribution of pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene in a representative cohort of people with cystic fibrosis in the Kingdom of Bahrain","volume":"299","author":"O. A. K. Majed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2019.3.23585","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence and demographics of cancers, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia over the last decade","volume":"40","author":"H. K. Herzallah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.15","article-title":"Genotype patterns for mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene: a retrospective descriptive study from Saudi Arabia","volume":"40","author":"H. H. Banjar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219086","article-title":"Beyond borders: cystic fibrosis survival between Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand","volume":"78","author":"A. Coriati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cjrt.ca\/article\/129988-assessing-respiratory-therapists-compliance-with-cystic-fibrosis-guidelines-in-saudi-arabia-a-descriptive-quantitative-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T13:49:48Z","timestamp":1793627388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cjrt.ca\/article\/129988-assessing-respiratory-therapists-compliance-with-cystic-fibrosis-guidelines-in-saudi-arabia-a-descriptive-quantitative-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29390\/001c.129988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-6820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-6820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}}}