{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:53:42Z","timestamp":1790754822200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory supports, including noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), for improving oxygenation and ventilation in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and acute respiratory failure (ARF). These studies have not been synthesized and are not included in current practice guidelines. This systematic review with meta-analysis synthesizes studies that compared the effectiveness of NIPPV, HFNC and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) for improving oxygenation and ventilation in ILD patients with ARF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library searches were conducted from inception to August 2023. An additional search of relevant primary literature and review articles was also performed. A random effects model was used to estimate the PF ratio (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen), PaCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), mortality, intubation rate and hospital length of stay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Noninvasive respiratory supports demonstrated a significant improvement in PF ratio compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT); the mean difference was 55.92 (95% CI [18.85-92.99];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.003). Compared to HFNC, there was a significant increase in PF ratio in NIPPV (mean difference 0.45; 95% CI [0.12\u20130.79];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.008). There were no mortality and intubation rate benefits when comparing NIPPV and HFNC; the mean difference was 1.1; 95% CI [0.83-1.44];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.51 and 1.86; 95% CI [0.42-8.33];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.42, respectively. In addition, there was a significant decrease in hospital length of stay in HFNC compared to NIPPV (mean difference 9.27; 95% Cl [1.45 \u2013 17.1];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive respiratory supports might be an alternative modality in ILDs with ARF. NIPPV demonstrated a potential to improve the PF ratio compared to HFNC. There was no evidence to support the benefit of NIPPV or HFNC in terms of mortality and intubation rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.29390\/001c.89284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1699005872000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of noninvasive respiratory support on interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.29390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natthawan","family":"Sanguanwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn University","department":["Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jd2pj53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital","department":["Excellence Center for Sleep Disorders"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattawat","family":"Jantarangsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01m423d85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Buddhachinaraj Hospital","department":["Department of Internal Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1435-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinjuta","family":"Ngeyvijit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natthida","family":"Owattanapanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0331zs648","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vorakamol","family":"Phoophiboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excellence Center for Critical Care Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04skqfp25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04skqfp25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St. Michael's Hospital","department":["Department of Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11956","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"147","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170062","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0062-2017","article-title":"Physiology of the lung in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Laurent Plantier","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Respiratory Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0905-9180","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.09.011","article-title":"Outcomes with newly proposed classification of acute respiratory deterioration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"143","author":"Ryo Teramachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0954-6111","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00159709","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: incidence, risk factors and outcome","volume":"37","author":"J. 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