{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:41:04Z","timestamp":1786653664082,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Society of Nuclear Medicine","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nucl Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.126.272179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:40:34Z","timestamp":1786650034000},"page":"jnumed.126.272179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normal-Organ Absorbed Dose and Response Assessment in \u03b1-Particle Radiopharmaceutical Therapy"],"prefix":"10.2967","author":[{"given":"Jacob Y.","family":"Hesterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Kiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Sneeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jazmin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Huntzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Zepeda-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Sartor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Sgouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Radiopharmaceutical Therapy\u2014Tissue Effects in the Clinic Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1602","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.10.039","article-title":"High dose per fraction, hypofractionated treatment effects in the clinic (HyTEC): an overview","volume":"110","author":"Grimm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01241"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.4","unstructured":"Dose definition. National Institutes of Health website. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/dose. Accessed July 21, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.058651"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/14736691211060117","article-title":"ICRU REPORT 96, dosimetry-guided radiopharmaceutical therapy","volume":"21","author":"Sgouros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J ICRU."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1667\/RR13483.1","article-title":"Redefining relative biological effectiveness in the context of the EQDX formalism: implications for alpha-particle emitter therapy","volume":"181","author":"Hobbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat Res."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.005"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2022.2033341","article-title":"212Pb-conjugated anti-rat HER2\/neu antibody against a neu-N derived murine mammary carcinoma cell line: cell kill and RBE in\u00a0vitro","volume":"98","author":"Liatsou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/13\/4403"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2022.3175435","article-title":"A projection-domain low-count quantitative SPECT method for \u03b1-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical therapy","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-022-00481-z","article-title":"Quantitative SPECT\/CT imaging of lead-212: a phantom study","volume":"9","author":"Kvassheim","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05024-1","article-title":"Image-based dosimetry for 225Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy using quantitative SPECT","volume":"48","author":"Gosewisch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2427-6"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.09.013","article-title":"The Italian multicentre dosimetric study for lesion dosimetry in 223Ra therapy of bone metastases: calibration protocol of gamma cameras and patient eligibility criteria","volume":"32","author":"Pacilio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3150-2"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05583-x","article-title":"Imaging and dosimetry for alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy: improving radiopharmaceutical therapy by looking into the black box","volume":"49","author":"Sgouros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327999200727190423"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5831","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185831","article-title":"Dosimetry of [212Pb]VMT01, a MC1R-targeted alpha therapeutic compound, and effect of free 208Tl on tissue absorbed doses","volume":"27","author":"Orcutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.20","unstructured":"Actinium-225 quantification and SPECT\/CT reconstruction (ACTI-QUANT) grand challenge. American Association of Physicists in Medicine website. https:\/\/www.aapm.org\/GrandChallenge\/ACTI-QUANT\/default.asp. Accessed July 7, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.262748"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2016.04.015","article-title":"Production and in\u00a0vivo imaging of 203Pb as a surrogate isotope for in\u00a0vivo 212Pb internal absorbed dose studies","volume":"114","author":"M\u00e1th\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.62851"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-06092-1","article-title":"Biodistribution and dosimetry for combined [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T\/[225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy using multi-isotope quantitative SPECT imaging","volume":"50","author":"Delker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eanmi.2025.100018","article-title":"EANM recommendations for dosimetry in targeted radionuclide therapy with alpha-emitters","volume":"2","author":"Gabi\u00f1a","year":"2026","journal-title":"EANM Innov."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05632-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 225Ac-DOTATATE targeted alpha therapy in metastatic paragangliomas: a pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.264043"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.28","unstructured":"Lutathera EPAR. European Medicines Agency website. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/lutathera. Accessed July 7, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.178673"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.089"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.4132","article-title":"ACTION-1 phase Ib\/3 trial of RYZ101 in somatostatin receptor subtype 2\u2013expressing (SSTR2+) gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) progressing after 177Lu somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy: initial safety analysis","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30860-X"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.011"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2265-y"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.157123"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-016-1093-8","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of single dose radium-223 dichloride (BAY 88-8223) in Japanese patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases","volume":"30","author":"Yoshida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-021-00388-1","article-title":"Radiopharmacokinetic modelling and radiation dose assessment of 223Ra used for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"H\u00f6llriegl","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/10\/3207"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205135","article-title":"cGMP production of astatine-211-labeled anti-CD45 antibodies for use in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for treatment of advanced hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-02-514778"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076210","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1076210","article-title":"Astatine-211 based radionuclide therapy: current clinical trial landscape","volume":"9","author":"Albertsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.43","first-page":"672","article-title":"227Th-labeled anti-CD22 antibody (BAY 1862864) in relapsed\/refractory CD22-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a first-in-human, phase I study","volume":"36","author":"Lind\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00638-1","article-title":"Actinium-225-PSMA radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (WARMTH Act): a multicentre, retrospective study","volume":"25","author":"Sathekge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.106574","article-title":"Time for action: actinium-225 PSMA-targeted alpha therapy for metastatic prostate cancer\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Ninatti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06640-x","article-title":"EANM guidance document: dosimetry for first-in-human studies and early phase clinical trials","volume":"51","author":"Stokke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxv040"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0592"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2024.2333388","article-title":"Joint TITE-CRM: a design for dose finding studies for therapies with late-onset safety and activity outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Barnett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stat Biopharm Res."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.01177.x"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0246"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106404","article-title":"A novel framework of Bayesian optimal interval design for phase I trials with late-onset toxicities","volume":"105","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.53","unstructured":"Oncology therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals: nonclinical studies and labeling recommendations\u2014guidance for industry. Food and Drug Administration website. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/129547\/download. Published August 2019. Accessed July 21, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531660","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.531660","article-title":"Targeted alpha therapy in mCRPC (metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer) patients: predictive dosimetry and toxicity modeling of 225Ac-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)","volume":"10","author":"Belli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.55","unstructured":"Dose optimization in radiopharmaceutical therapy development workshop. Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging website. https:\/\/sites.snmmi.org\/Web\/Clinical-Practice\/Dose-Optimization\/Dose-Optimization-in-RPT-Development-Workshop.aspx. Accessed July 7, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.56","unstructured":"Oncology therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals: dosage optimization during clinical development\u2014guidance for industry (draft guidance). Food and Drug Administration website. www.fda.gov\/media\/188270\/download. Published August 2025. Accessed July 21, 2026."},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.124.269299"},{"key":"2026081312401181000_jnumed.126.272179v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.077578"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.2967\/jnumed.126.272179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:40:39Z","timestamp":1786650039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jnm.snmjournals.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.2967\/jnumed.126.272179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.2967\/jnumed.126.272179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.126.272179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5505","2159-662X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5505","type":"print"},{"value":"2159-662X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}