{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:41:34Z","timestamp":1779230494082,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":157,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004357","name":"Naturv\u00e5rdsverket","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NV\u201000695\u201017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV\u201000695\u201017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wildlife Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Eurasian migratory duck species represent a natural resource shared between European countries. As is evident throughout human harvest history, lack of coordinated management and monitoring at appropriate levels often leads to \u2018the tragedy of the commons\u2019, where shared populations suffer overexploitation. Effective management can also be hampered by poor understanding of the factors that limit and regulate migratory populations throughout their flyways, and over time. Following decades of population increase, some European duck populations now show signs of levelling off or even decline, underlining the need for more active and effective management. In Europe, the existing mechanisms for delivering effective management of duck populations are limited, despite the need and enthusiasm for establishing adaptive management (AM) schemes for wildlife populations. Existing international legal agreements already oblige European countries to sustainably manage migratory waterbirds. Although the lack of coordinated demographic and hunting data remains a challenge to sustainable management planning, AM provides a robust decision\u2010making framework even in the presence of uncertainty regarding demographic and other information. In this paper we investigate the research and monitoring needs in Europe to successfully apply AM to ducks, and search for possible model species, focusing on freshwater species (in contrast to sea duck species) in the East Atlantic flyway. Based on current knowledge, we suggest that common teal\n                    <jats:italic>Anas crecca,<\/jats:italic>\n                    Eurasian wigeon\n                    <jats:italic>Mareca penelope<\/jats:italic>\n                    and common goldeneye\n                    <jats:italic>Bucephala clangula<\/jats:italic>\n                    represent the best species for testing the application of an AM modelling approach to duck populations in Europe. Applying AM to huntable species with relatively good population data as models for broader implementation represents a cost effective way of starting to develop AM on a European flyway scale for ducks, and potentially other waterbirds in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T06:17:01Z","timestamp":1528352221000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Sustainable management of migratory European ducks: finding model species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Sari","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Forest Sciences Univ. of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Arzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Forest Sciences Univ. of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Dept of Biology Univ. of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Elmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Kristianstad Univ. Kristianstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Bioscience Aarhus Univ. Kal\u00f8 R\u00f8nde Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Guillemain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage Unit\u00e9 Avifaune Migratrice La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc Arles France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Kristianstad Univ. Kristianstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Nummi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Forest Sciences Univ. of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veli\u2010Matti","family":"V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Forest Sciences Univ. of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 FI\u201000014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Alhainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Wildlife Agency Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"P\u00f6ys\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Production of Renewable Resources Natural Resources Inst. Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","author":"Aarhus University","year":"2017","journal-title":"Danish wing survey and hunting bag."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","author":"AEWA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Establishment and operation of a European goose management platform \u2014 Declaration."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.10.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Wetlands in Russia","author":"Andreev A. V.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1146-609X(02)01152-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5735\/086.052.0202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status","author":"BirdLife International","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"European Red List of Birds","author":"BirdLife International","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"854","volume-title":"Waterbirds around the world: a global overview of the conservation, management and research of the worlds waterbird flyways","author":"Bregnballe T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-016-2985-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/10-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Wise use and conservation of wetlands, COM (95) 18 a Final","author":"CEC","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-011-0573-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2012.00600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-013-0787-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","volume":"4","author":"Cooch E. G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wildfowl Spec. Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"Handbook of the birds of Europe the middle east and North Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Vol. 1. Ostrich to ducks","author":"Cramp S.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Waterfowl, duck distributions and a changing climate","author":"Dalby L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.51812\/of.133817","article-title":"The status of the Nordic populations of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in a changing world","volume":"90","author":"Dalby L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ornis Fenn."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2003.11934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/0909-6396(2006)12[121:TSBFNA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-014-1068-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","article-title":"Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans: a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective","volume":"7","author":"Elmberg J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"EU 2010 Biodiversity baseline","author":"European Environment Agency","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe","author":"European Environment Agency","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Facts and figures on the Common Fisheries Policy","author":"European Union","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-016-0878-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5735\/086.052.0404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Seeking explanations for recent changes in abundance of wintering Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) in northwest Europe","volume":"93","author":"Fox A. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ornis Fenn."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Recent changes in the abundance of breeding common pochard Aythya ferina in Europe","volume":"66","author":"Fox A. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wildfowl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1648\/0273-8570-74.3.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2012.697867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"The teal","author":"Guillemain M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-017-1359-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2005.00446.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-009-0425-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/12-118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-012-0899-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Duck hunting bag estimates for the 2013\/14 season in France","volume":"66","author":"Guillemain M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wildfowl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.01258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-013-0716-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.26.110195.000401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mortality of migratory birds caused by hunting in Europe: bag statistics and proposals for the conservation of birds and animal welfare","volume":"42","author":"Hirschfeld A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ber. Vogelschutz."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-015-0921-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Risk management: ecological risk\u2010based decision\u2010making","author":"Johnson F. A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.10.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Conditions and limitations on learning in the adaptive management of mallard harvests","volume":"30","author":"Johnson F. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-1164.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Densities and habitat distribution of breeding waterfowl in boreal lakes in Finland","volume":"48","author":"Kauppinen J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Finn. Game Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","volume-title":"Ducks, geese and swans","author":"Kear J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3803253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Kohti s\u00e4\u00e4steli\u00e4\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4 vesilintujen verotusta. In Finnish. (English summary: Rationalized harvesting of waterfowl)","volume":"27","author":"Lampio T.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Suomen Riista"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acv.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","volume-title":"Waterfowl of the boreal forest","author":"Mack G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","volume-title":"International species management plan for the Svalbard population of the pink\u2010footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus","author":"Madsen J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(97)00172-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on sustainable harvest of migratory waterbirds","author":"Madsen J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","volume-title":"Towards sustainable management of huntable migratory waterbirds in Europe: a report by the Waterbird Harvest Specialist Group of Wetlands International","author":"Madsen J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","volume-title":"International single species action plan for the conservation of the taiga bean goose Anser fabalis fabalis","author":"Marjakangas A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063650809461503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Protection and use of waterbirds in the European Union","volume":"30","author":"Mooij J. H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Beitr. Jagd Wildforsch."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","volume-title":"A pilot wintering waterbird indicator for the European Union","author":"Nagy S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.26.110195.001141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0256-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2005.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-014-3133-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-06490-190252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"It\u00e4meren vesilintujen talvikannat 1993. In Finnish. (English summary: Midwinter waterbird counts in the Baltic Sea, 1993)","volume":"41","author":"Pihl S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Suomen Riista"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"On the necessity of the use of the uniform count method for the estimation of the wildfowl harvest in the European countries","volume":"34","author":"Priklonski S. G.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hunting rationalization studies. \u2014 Finn. Game Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Monitoring waterfowl production in Finland. Proc. OMPO Int. Meeting \u201cReproduction and Important Habitats of Migratory Birds of the Western Palearctic\u201d","volume":"8","author":"P\u00f6ys\u00e4 H.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Lituan."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2002.00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2003.12034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-014-1051-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Monitoring of waterbirds in the breeding season: the programme used in Finland in 1986\u201392","author":"P\u00f6ys\u00e4 H.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Waterfowl and wetland conservation in the 1990s \u2014 a global perspective. Proc. IWRB Symp. IWRB Spec. Publ. No. 26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-012-0673-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-016-2922-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","volume-title":"Migratory bird hunting activity and harvest during the 2012\u201313 and 2013\u201317 hunting seasons","author":"Raftovich R. V.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","unstructured":"1990 IWRB Spec. Publ. 13 F. C. Ridgill A. D. Fox Cold weather movements of waterfowl in western Europe"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","volume-title":"The breeding populations of most waterfowl have declined over the last few decades","author":"Rintala J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Tavikanta kasvoi \u2014 vesilinnut vuonna 2016. In Finnish","volume":"4","author":"Rintala J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mets\u00e4st\u00e4j\u00e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3996\/082011-JFWM-045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0091-7648(2006)34[1231:TNFCBW]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1313261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","volume-title":"Atlas of anatidae populations in Africa and western Eurasia","author":"Scott D. A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Vesilintujen mets\u00e4styssaalis Ven\u00e4j\u00e4ll\u00e4. In Finnish. (English summary: Estimating waterbird harvest in Russia)","volume":"63","author":"Solokha A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Suomen Rusta"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","volume-title":"Large\u2010scale releases of native species: the mallard as a predictive model system","author":"S\u00f6derquist P.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1365985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.2001.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.12261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","author":"Valkama J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Suomen III Lintuatlas. \u2014 Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo Luomus ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ministeri\u00f6."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Vieraspeto kosteikoilla \u2014 vaikuttaako supikoira vesilintujen ja kahlaajien poikueiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n","volume":"53","author":"V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen V.\u2010M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"In Finnish. (English summary: The effect of raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides removal on waterbird breeding succes) \u2014 Suomen Rusta"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nest and brood stage association between ducks and small colonial gulls in boreal wetlands","volume":"93","author":"V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen V.\u2010M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ornis Fenn."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511608568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","first-page":"714","article-title":"Approaches to the management of waterfowl under uncertainty","volume":"25","author":"Williams B. K.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-013-0205-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","volume-title":"Analysis and management of animal populations","author":"Williams B. K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","volume-title":"Adaptive management: The US Dept of the Interior Technical Guide","author":"Williams B. K.","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Wildlife Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2981\/wlb.00336","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2981\/wlb.00336","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2981\/wlb.00336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:36:11Z","timestamp":1761568571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2981\/wlb.00336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2981\/wlb.00336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2981\/wlb.00336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1903-220X","1903-220X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1903-220X","type":"print"},{"value":"1903-220X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}