{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:07:00Z","timestamp":1775862420488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America during 1999, and has since spread throughout the contiguous USA. West Nile virus causes West Nile fever and the more severe West Nile neuroinvasive disease. As part of a WNV vector surveillance program, we collected mosquitoes in Lubbock, Texas, using CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-baited encephalitic vector survey (EVS) traps. During 219 wk from 2009 through 2017, EVS traps were operated for 1,748 trap nights, resulting in more than 101,000 mosquitoes captured. Weekly, selected female mosquito specimens were pooled by species and trap site, and screened for WNV using reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction assay. Mosquitoes positive for WNV were detected during 16.9% (37\/219) of the weeks. Using this information, we constructed a statistical model to predict the probability of detecting an infection within a mosquito pool as a factor of weather variables. The final model indicated that detection of WNV in mosquitoes was negatively associated with the week of year squared and average wind from 3 wk prior to sampling, and was positively associated with week of year, average visibility, average humidity from 2 wk prior to sampling, and average dew point from 4 wk prior to sampling. The model developed in this study may aid public health and vector control programs in swift and effective decision making relative to city-wide mosquito control efforts by predicting when the chances of mosquitoes having WNV are at their greatest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/17-6714.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T17:45:10Z","timestamp":1521827110000},"page":"18-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Predictive Modeling for West Nile Virus and Mosquito Surveillance in Lubbock, Texas"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Steven T.","family":"Peper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Dacko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevan","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Loko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Almas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant E.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristyn N.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Wilson-Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Haydett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah S.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna G.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Presley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Zoonoses Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention1","series-title":"West Nile virus","year":"2017","unstructured":"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. 2017. 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Effect of trapping methods, weather, and landscape on estimates of the Culex vector mosquito abundance. Environ Health Insights10:93\u2013103."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Kilpatrick1","series-title":"The Auk","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Ecology of West Nile virus transmission and its impact on birds in the western hemisphere","volume":"124","author":"Kilpatrick \n              AM.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kilpatrick \n              AM.\n            \n            \n              LaDeau \n              SL.\n            \n            \n              Marra \n              PP.\n            \n          \n          2007. Ecology of West Nile virus transmission and its impact on birds in the western hemisphere. The Auk124:1121\u20131136."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Kunkel1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"168","article-title":"Modeling the impact of variable climatic factors on the crossover of Culex resturans and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), vectors of West Nile virus in Illinois","volume":"74","author":"Kunkel \n              K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kunkel \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Novak \n              RJ.\n            \n            \n              Lampman \n              RL.\n            \n            \n              Gu \n              W.\n            \n          \n          2006. Modeling the impact of variable climatic factors on the crossover of Culex resturans and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), vectors of West Nile virus in Illinois. 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Climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors associated with West Nile virus incidence in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. J Vector Ecology41:232\u2013243."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Nash1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1807","article-title":"The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999","volume":"344","author":"Nash \n              D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nash \n              D.\n            \n            \n              Mostashari \n              F.\n            \n            \n              Fine \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Miller \n              J.\n            \n            \n              O'Leary \n              D.\n            \n            \n              Murray \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Huang \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Rosenberg \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Greenberg \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Sherman \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Wong \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Layton \n              M.\n            \n          \n          2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med344:1807\u20131814."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-WorldOrganisationforAnimalHealth1","series-title":"West Nile fever","year":"2013","unstructured":"OIE [World Organisation for Animal Health]. 2013. West Nile fever[Internet]. Available from theManual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 2012. Paris, France: OIE, the World Organization for Animal Health[accessed November 28, 2016]. Available from: http:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.01.24_WEST_NILE.pdf."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Petersen1","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"173","article-title":"West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician","volume":"137","author":"Petersen \n              LR.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petersen \n              LR.\n            \n            \n              Marfin \n              AA.\n            \n          \n          2002. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med137:173\u2013179."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Reisen1","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"820","article-title":"Factors influencing the outcome of mark-release-recapture studies with Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"40","author":"Reisen \n              WK.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reisen \n              WK.\n            \n            \n              Lothrop \n              HD.\n            \n            \n              Lothrop \n              B.\n            \n          \n          2003. Factors influencing the outcome of mark-release-recapture studies with Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol40:820\u2013829."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Rossi1","series-title":"Clin Lab Med","first-page":"47","article-title":"West Nile virus","volume":"30","author":"Rossi \n              SL.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rossi \n              SL.\n            \n            \n              Ross \n              TM.\n            \n            \n              Evans \n              JD.\n            \n          \n          2010. West Nile virus. 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Local impact of temperature and precipitation on West Nile virus infection in Culex species mosquitoes in northeast Illinois, USA. Parasites and Vectors3:1\u201316."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Sampathkumar1","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","first-page":"1137","article-title":"West Nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention","volume":"78","author":"Sampathkumar \n              P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sampathkumar \n              P.\n            \n          \n          2003. West Nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention. Mayo Clin Proc78:1137\u20131144."},{"issue":"3","key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Shaman1","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e331","article-title":"Reproductive phase locking of mosquito populations in response to rainfall frequency","volume":"2","author":"Shaman \n              J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shaman \n              J.\n            \n            \n              Day \n              JF.\n            \n          \n          2007. Reproductive phase locking of mosquito populations in response to rainfall frequency. 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Thesis]","author":"Stephens \n              C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephens \n              C.\n            \n          \n          2010. Analyses of relationships of human West Nile virus, confined livestock operations, and playa lakes in the Texas Panhandle and South Plains region [M.S. Thesis]. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Ward1","article-title":"Ecological changes in modified playa lakes with special emphasis on mosquito production [M.S. Thesis]","author":"Ward \n              CR.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ward \n              CR.\n            \n          \n          1964. Ecological changes in modified playa lakes with special emphasis on mosquito production [M.S. Thesis]. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX."},{"key":"i8756-971X-34-1-18-Winters1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western Colorado","volume":"79","author":"Winters \n              AM.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Winters \n              AM.\n            \n            \n              Eisen \n              RJ.\n            \n            \n              Lozano-Fuentes \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Moore \n              CG.\n            \n            \n              Pape \n              WJ.\n            \n            \n              Eisen \n              L.\n            \n          \n          2008. Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg79:581\u2013590."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/34\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jamca\/article-pdf\/34\/1\/18\/1816531\/17-6714_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/34\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/34\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:36:19Z","timestamp":1747355779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/34\/1\/article-p18.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2987\/17-6714.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-971X","1943-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-971X","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}