{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1790240567184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"2s","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Hurricanes have profound impacts on zoonotic pathogen ecosystems that exhibit spatial and temporal waves in both distance from and time since the event. Wind, rain, and storm surge directly affect mosquito vectors and animal hosts of these pathogens. In this analysis, we apply a West Nile virus transmission model parameterized for the Northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico to explore the effect of event timing of hurricane landfall, time since the event, and damage extent on human West Nile virus neuro-invasive disease (WNV-NID) risk. Early-season hurricanes, which make landfall prior to the peak of baseline WNV transmission activity, increase the average total WNV-infectious mosquitoes for the year by 7.8% and human WNV-NID incidence by 94.3% across all areas with hurricane damage. The indirect effects on human exposure to mosquito bites in the immediate aftermath and long-term recovery from the event have strong impacts on the risk of infection. The resultant interactive direct and indirect storm effects on the pathogen system are spatially and temporally heterogenous among the generalized time and space categories modeled.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/19-6887.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T19:41:57Z","timestamp":1603827717000},"page":"106-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Temporal and Spatial Impacts of Hurricane Damage on West Nile Virus Transmission and Human Risk"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Caillou\u00ebt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement, 62512 Airport Rd. Bldg. 23, Slidell, LA 70460."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA 23284."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i8756-971X-36-2s-106-Ahmed1","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TMAID.2016.12.004","article-title":"The public health planners' perfect storm: Hurricane Matthew and Zika virus","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed \n              QA,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed \n              QA, \n            \n            \n              Memish \n              ZA. \n            \n          \n          2017. The public health planners' perfect storm: Hurricane Matthew and Zika virus. 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Impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Aedes aegypti populations, aquatic habitats, and mosquito infections with dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Puerto Rico. Am J Trop Med Hyg100:1413\u20131420. doi:10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0015. [accessed July 24, 2019]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/content\/journals\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0015."},{"key":"i8756-971X-36-2s-106-Beebe1","series-title":"Lett Biomath","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/23737867.2017.1302828","article-title":"A two-species stage-structured model for West Nile virus transmission","volume":"4","author":"Beebe \n              TA,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beebe \n              TA, \n            \n            \n              Robertson \n              SL. \n            \n          \n          2017. A two-species stage-structured model for West Nile virus transmission. 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