{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:11:50Z","timestamp":1747368710331,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n Larvicides that contain spinosad, a bacterial metabolite, are used to control mosquitoes in diverse aquatic habitats. These same habitats are home to other invertebrates, including Crustacea\u2014fairy shrimp, isopods, and amphipods\u2014and mollusks\u2014fingernail clams and freshwater snails. A double-blind study evaluated the effects of Natular\u00ae G, a granular treatment containing spinosad, on spring Aedes<\/jats:italic> spp. and nontarget invertebrates in vernal wetlands. Within 14 days after application, Natular G controlled larvae of spring Aedes<\/jats:italic> by 53\u201384%, depending on species, but had no significant effects on numbers of fairy shrimp, fingernail clams, or freshwater snails. A second double-blind study evaluated effects on Coquillettidia perturbans<\/jats:italic> and nontarget isopods and amphipods in cattail marshes. Treatment reduced emergence of Cq. perturbans<\/jats:italic> by 25% but did not change numbers of isopods or amphipods. The 2 experiments indicate Natular G could be effective against spring Aedes<\/jats:italic> in vernal wetlands, less so against Cq. perturbans<\/jats:italic> in cattail marshes, and yet pose minimal risk to crustaceans and mollusks in either vernal wetlands or cattail marshes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/21-7021.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T17:30:45Z","timestamp":1629307845000},"page":"125-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Nontarget Effects of a Spinosad-Based Larvicide in Minnesota Vernal Pools and Cattail Marshes"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Diann M.","family":"Crane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carey A.","family":"Lamere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger D.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Manweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Anteau1","series-title":"Wetlands","first-page":"184","article-title":"Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the Upper-Midwest, USA","volume":"28","author":"Anteau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anteau\n MJ,\n \n \n Afton\n AD.\n \n \n 2008.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the Upper-Midwest, USA.\n\t\t\t\t\tWetlands28:\n\t\t\t\t\t184\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t196."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Bates1","series-title":"J Stat Softw","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates\n D,\n \n \n Maechler\n M,\n \n \n Bolker\n B,\n \n \n Walker\n S.\n \n \n 2015.\n\t\t\t\t\tFitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Stat Softw67:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t48.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Batzer1","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"349","article-title":"Technique for surveying larval populations of Coquillettidia perturbans","volume":"9","author":"Batzer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Batzer\n DP.\n \n \n 1993.\n\t\t\t\t\tTechnique for surveying larval populations of Coquillettidia perturbans.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Mosq Control Assoc9:\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t351."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Batzer2","series-title":"J N Am Benthol Soc","first-page":"50","article-title":"Relationships between environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate communities in seasonal woodland ponds of Minnesota","volume":"23","author":"Batzer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Batzer\n DP,\n \n \n Palik\n BJ,\n \n \n Buech\n R.\n \n \n 2004.\n\t\t\t\t\tRelationships between environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate communities in seasonal woodland ponds of Minnesota.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ N Am Benthol Soc23:\n\t\t\t\t\t50\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t68."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Bond1","series-title":"Med Vet Entomol","first-page":"50","article-title":"The naturally derived insecticide spinosad is highly toxic to Aedes and Anopheles mosquito larvae","volume":"18","author":"Bond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bond\n JG,\n \n \n Marina\n CF,\n \n \n Williams\n T.\n \n \n 2004.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe naturally derived insecticide spinosad is highly toxic to Aedes and Anopheles mosquito larvae.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Vet Entomol18:\n\t\t\t\t\t50\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t56."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Burch1","series-title":"Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of North America. 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Volume No. 52050-001.\n\t\t\t\t\tSacramento, CA:\n\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Pesticide Regulation."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Duchet1","series-title":"Ecotox","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Population-level effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions","volume":"19","author":"Duchet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duchet\n C,\n \n \n Coutellec\n MA,\n \n \n Franquet\n E,\n \n \n Lagneau\n C,\n \n \n Lagadic\n L.\n \n \n 2010.\n\t\t\t\t\tPopulation-level effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions.\n\t\t\t\t\tEcotox19:\n\t\t\t\t\t1224\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1237."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Duchet2","series-title":"Chemosphere","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on a natural population of Daphnia pulex in field microcosms","volume":"74","author":"Duchet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duchet\n C,\n \n \n Larroque\n M,\n \n \n Caquet\n T,\n \n \n Franquet\n E,\n \n \n Lagneau\n C,\n \n \n Lagadic\n L.\n \n \n 2008.\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on a natural population of Daphnia pulex in field microcosms.\n\t\t\t\t\tChemosphere74:\n\t\t\t\t\t70\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t77."},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Conventional Reduced Risk Pesticide Program [Internet]","key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-EnvironmentalProtectionAgency1","unstructured":"EPA [Environmental Protection Agency].\n 2019.\n\t\t\t\t\tConventional Reduced Risk Pesticide Program [Internet].\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington, DC:\n\t\t\t\t\tEnvironmental Protection Agency.\n\t\t\t\t\t[accessed December 18, 2020].Available from: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide-registration\/conventional-reduced-risk-pesticide-program."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Genet1","series-title":"Development and validation of indices of biological integrity (IBI) for depressional wetlands in the temperate prairies ecoregion. USEPA Report no. CD-975768-01","author":"Genet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Genet\n JA,\n \n \n Bourdaghs\n M.\n \n \n 2006.\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment and validation of indices of biological integrity (IBI) for depressional wetlands in the temperate prairies ecoregion. USEPA Report no. CD-975768-01.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Paul, MN:\n\t\t\t\t\tMinnesota Pollution Control Agency, Environmental Analysis and Outcomes Division, Biological Monitoring Unit."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Hertlein1","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"67","article-title":"A review of spinosad as a natural product for larval mosquito control","volume":"26","author":"Hertlein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hertlein\n MB,\n \n \n Mavrotas\n C,\n \n \n Jousseaume\n C,\n \n \n Lysandrou\n M,\n \n \n Thompson\n GD,\n \n \n Jany\n W,\n \n \n Ritchie\n SA.\n \n \n 2010.\n\t\t\t\t\tA review of spinosad as a natural product for larval mosquito control.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Mosq Control Assoc26:\n\t\t\t\t\t67\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t87."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Jones1","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"346","article-title":"The effects of spinosad on Culex quinquefasciatus and three nontarget insect species","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones\n OM,\n \n \n Ottea\n J.\n \n \n 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effects of spinosad on Culex quinquefasciatus and three nontarget insect species.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Mosq Control Assoc29:\n\t\t\t\t\t346\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t351."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Lawler1","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"352","article-title":"Efficacy of spinosad in control of larval Culex tarsalis and chironomid midges, and its nontarget effects","volume":"29","author":"Lawler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawler\n SP,\n \n \n Dritz\n DA.\n \n \n 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tEfficacy of spinosad in control of larval Culex tarsalis and chironomid midges, and its nontarget effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Mosq Control Assoc29:\n\t\t\t\t\t352\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t357."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Marina1","series-title":"Parasites Vectors","first-page":"55","article-title":"Efficacy and non-target impact of spinosad, Bti, and temephos larvicides for control of Anopheles spp. in an endemic malaria region of Southern Mexico","volume":"7","author":"Marina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marina\n CF,\n \n \n Bond\n JG,\n \n \n Munoz\n J,\n \n \n Valle\n J,\n \n \n Novelo-Gutierrez\n R,\n \n \n Williams\n T.\n \n \n 2014.\n\t\t\t\t\tEfficacy and non-target impact of spinosad, Bti, and temephos larvicides for control of Anopheles spp. in an endemic malaria region of Southern Mexico.\n\t\t\t\t\tParasites Vectors7:\n\t\t\t\t\t55."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Merritt1","series-title":"An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 4th edition","author":"Merritt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Merritt\n RW,\n \n \n Cummins\n KW,\n \n \n Berg\n MB.\n \n \n 2008.\n\t\t\t\t\tAn introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 4th edition.\n\t\t\t\t\tDubuque, IA:\n\t\t\t\t\tKendall Hunt."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Milam1","series-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol","first-page":"166","article-title":"Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","volume":"48","author":"Milam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milam\n CD,\n \n \n Farris\n JL,\n \n \n Dwyer\n FJ,\n \n \n Hardesty\n DK.\n \n \n 2005.\n\t\t\t\t\tAcute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (Glochidia) to six chemicals: implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae).\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Environ Contam Toxicol48:\n\t\t\t\t\t166\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t173."},{"article-title":"MMCD [Metropolitan Mosquito Control District].","series-title":"2019 Operational review & plans for 2020","key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-NoAuthors1","unstructured":"MMCD [Metropolitan Mosquito Control District].\n \n 2019 Operational review & plans for 2020\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t[Internet].Saint Paul, MN[accessed April 15, 2021].Available from: https:\/\/www.mmcd.org\/docs\/publications\/TAB-Final-2019.pdf."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Perez1","series-title":"Key to Wisconsin freshwater snails","author":"Perez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez\n KE,\n \n \n Sandland\n G.\n \n \n 2014.\n\t\t\t\t\tKey to Wisconsin freshwater snails.\n\t\t\t\t\t[Internet]. 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Available from: http:\/\/northamericanlandsnails.com\/WIFreshwaterSnaileskey\/wifwsnailkey.html."},{"year":"2019","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-RCoreTeam1","unstructured":"R Core Team\n 2019.\n\t\t\t\t\tR: a language and environment for statistical computing.\n\t\t\t\t\tVienna, Austria:\n\t\t\t\t\tR Foundation for Statistical Computing.\n\t\t\t\t\tAvailable from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Romi1","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"93","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of the bioinsecticide spinosad for mosquito control","volume":"22","author":"Romi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Romi\n R,\n \n \n Proietti\n S,\n \n \n Di Luca\n M,\n \n \n Cristofaro\n M.\n \n \n 2006.\n\t\t\t\t\tLaboratory evaluation of the bioinsecticide spinosad for mosquito control.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Mosq Control Assoc22:\n\t\t\t\t\t93\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t96."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Smith1","series-title":"Pennak's Freshwater guide to invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea. 4th edition","author":"Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith\n DG.\n \n \n 2008.\n\t\t\t\t\tPennak's Freshwater guide to invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea. 4th edition.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tJohn Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Sparks1","series-title":"Pest Manage Sci","first-page":"896","article-title":"Natural products as insecticides: the biology, biochemistry and quantitative structure-activity relationships of spinosyns and spinosoids","volume":"57","author":"Sparks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sparks\n TC,\n \n \n Crouse\n GD,\n \n \n Durst\n G.\n \n \n 2001.\n\t\t\t\t\tNatural products as insecticides: the biology, biochemistry and quantitative structure-activity relationships of spinosyns and spinosoids.\n\t\t\t\t\tPest Manage Sci57:\n\t\t\t\t\t896\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t905."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Spielman1","series-title":"Mosquito: A natural history of our most persistent and deadly foe","author":"Spielman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spielman\n A,\n \n \n D'Antonio\n M.\n \n \n 2001.\n\t\t\t\t\tMosquito: A natural history of our most persistent and deadly foe.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tHyperion."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Voshell1","series-title":"A guide to common freshwater invertebrates of North America","author":"Voshell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Voshell\n JR.\n \n \n 2002.\n\t\t\t\t\tA guide to common freshwater invertebrates of North America.\n\t\t\t\t\tGranville, OH:\n\t\t\t\t\tMcDonald and Woodward."},{"key":"i8756-971X-37-3-125-Wen1","series-title":"Can J Zool","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Life history and production of Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in a hypereutrophic prairie pond in southern Alberta","volume":"70","author":"Wen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wen\n YH.\n \n \n 1992.\n\t\t\t\t\tLife history and production of Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in a hypereutrophic prairie pond in southern Alberta.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan J Zool70:\n\t\t\t\t\t1417\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1424."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/37\/3\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jamca\/article-pdf\/37\/3\/125\/2886335\/i8756-971x-37-3-125.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/37\/3\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/37\/3\/article-p125.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:38:47Z","timestamp":1747355927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/37\/3\/article-p125.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2987\/21-7021.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-971X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"8756-971X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}