{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:08:53Z","timestamp":1791468533342,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) pose a significant public health concern globally, and India, with its unique eco-sociodemographic characteristics, is particularly vulnerable to these diseases. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth overview of MBDs in India, emphasizing their impact and potential implications for global health. The article explores distribution, epidemiology, control or elimination, and economic burden of the prevalent diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis, which collectively contribute to millions of cases annually. It sheds light on their profound effects on morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burdens and the potential for international transmission through travel and trade. The challenges and perspectives associated with controlling mosquito populations are highlighted, underscoring the importance of effective public health communication for prevention and early detection. The potential for these diseases to spread beyond national borders is recognized, necessitating a holistic approach to address the challenge. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, covering the past five decades (1972\u20132022), utilizing databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, in addition to in-person library consultations. The literature review analyzed 4,082 articles initially identified through various databases. After screening and eligibility assessment, 252 articles were included for analysis. The review focused on malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis. The included studies focused on MBDs occurrence in India, while those conducted outside India, lacking statistical analysis, or published before 1970 were excluded. This review provides valuable insights into the status of MBDs in India and underscores the need for concerted efforts to combat these diseases on both national and global scales through consilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/23-7131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T12:03:35Z","timestamp":1702901015000},"page":"258-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mosquito-borne diseases in India over the past 50 years and their Global Public Health Implications: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"B. Reddya","family":"Naik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-De","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref01","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0127552","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity, host movement and mosquito-borne disease transmission","volume":"10","author":"Acevedo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acevedo\n MA,\n \n \n Prosper\n O,\n \n \n Lopiano\n K,\n \n \n Ruktanonchai\n N,\n \n \n Caughlin\n TT,\n \n \n Martcheva\n M,\n \n \n Osenberg\n CW,\n \n \n Smith\n DL.\n \n \n 2015.\nSpatial heterogeneity, host movement and mosquito-borne disease transmission.\nPLoS One10:\ne0127552."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref02","series-title":"Indian J Pediatr","first-page":"117","article-title":"Newer vaccines against mosquito-borne diseases","volume":"85","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aggarwal\n A,\n \n \n Garg\n N.\n \n \n 2018.\nNewer vaccines against mosquito-borne diseases.\nIndian J Pediatr85:\n117\u2013123."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref03","series-title":"Ecol Info","first-page":"101241","article-title":"Review of machine learning techniques for mosquito control in urban environments","volume":"61","author":"Ananya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ananya\n J,\n \n \n Miller\n C.\n \n \n 2021.\nReview of machine learning techniques for mosquito control in urban environments.\nEcol Info61:\n101241."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref04","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"205","article-title":"Antimalarial drug policy in India: past, present & future","volume":"139","author":"Anvikar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anvikar\n AR,\n \n \n Arora\n U,\n \n \n Sonal\n GS,\n \n \n Mishra\n N,\n \n \n Shahi\n B,\n \n \n Savargaonkar\n D,\n \n \n Kumar\n N,\n \n \n Shah\n NK,\n \n \n Valecha\n N.\n \n \n 2014.\nAntimalarial drug policy in India: past, present & future.\nIndian J Med Res139:\n205\u2013215."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref05","series-title":"Ecol Lett","first-page":"829","article-title":"The influence of vector-borne disease on human history: socio-ecological mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Athni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Athni\n TS,\n \n \n Shocket\n MS,\n \n \n Couper\n LI,\n \n \n Nova\n N.\n \n \n 2021.\nThe influence of vector-borne disease on human history: socio-ecological mechanisms.\nEcol Lett24:\n829\u2013846."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref06","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0007204","article-title":"Sustainable innovation in vector control requires strong partnerships with communities","volume":"13","author":"Bartumeus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartumeus\n F,\n \n \n Costa\n GB,\n \n \n Eritja\n R,\n \n \n Kelly\n AH,\n \n \n Finda\n M,\n \n \n Lezaun\n J,\n \n \n Okumu\n F,\n \n \n Quinlan\n MM,\n \n \n Thizy\n DC,\n \n \n To\u00e9\n LP,\n \n \n Vaughan\n M.\n \n \n 2019.\nSustainable innovation in vector control requires strong partnerships with communities.\nPLoS Negl Trop Dis13:\ne0007204."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref07","series-title":"J Med Arthropod Public Health","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dengue in India: temporal and spatial expansion in last two decades","volume":"1","author":"Baruah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baruah\n K,\n \n \n Arora\n N,\n \n \n Sharma\n H,\n \n \n Katewa\n A.\n \n \n 2021.\nDengue in India: temporal and spatial expansion in last two decades.\nJ Med Arthropod Public Health1:\n15\u201332."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref08","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"91","article-title":"Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria","volume":"174","author":"Benelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benelli\n G,\n \n \n Beier\n JC.\n \n \n 2017.\nCurrent vector control challenges in the fight against malaria.\nActa Trop174:\n91\u201396."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref09","article-title":"A private hospital-based study assessing knowledge, attitudes, practices and costs associated with dengue illness in Surat, India. 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2012.\nFifty years of dengue in India.\nTrans R Soc Trop Med Hyg106:\n273\u2013282."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref19","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"77","article-title":"The first epidemic of Japanese encephalitis studied in India\u2014virological studies","volume":"63","author":"Chakravarty","year":"1975","unstructured":"Chakravarty\n SK,\n \n \n Sarkar\n JK,\n \n \n Chakravarty\n MS,\n \n \n Mukherjee\n MK,\n \n \n Mukherjee\n KK,\n \n \n Das\n BC,\n \n \n Hati\n AK.\n \n \n 1975.\nThe first epidemic of Japanese encephalitis studied in India\u2014virological studies.\nIndian J Med Res63:\n77\u201382."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref20","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"30","article-title":"Harnessing integrated vector management for enhanced disease prevention","volume":"33","author":"Chanda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chanda\n E,\n \n \n Ameneshewa\n B,\n \n \n Bagayoko\n M,\n \n \n Govere\n JM,\n \n \n Macdonald\n MB.\n \n \n 2017.\nHarnessing integrated vector management for enhanced disease prevention.\nTrends Parasitol33:\n30\u201341."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref21","series-title":"Access Microbiol","first-page":"acmi000101","article-title":"Incrimination of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as vectors of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 from four states of Northeast India","volume":"2","author":"Chetry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chetry\n S,\n \n \n Patgiri\n SJ,\n \n \n Bhattacharyya\n DR,\n \n \n Dutta\n P,\n \n \n Kumar\n NP.\n \n \n 2020.\nIncrimination of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as vectors of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 from four states of Northeast India.\nAccess Microbiol2:\nacmi000101.\nhttp:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/acmi.0.00010133005866"},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref22","series-title":"Lancet Planetary Health","first-page":"e404","article-title":"Projecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: a multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling study","volume":"5","author":"Col\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Col\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez\n FJ,\n \n \n Sewe\n MO,\n \n \n Tompkins\n AM,\n \n \n Sj\u00f6din\n H,\n \n \n Casallas\n A,\n \n \n Rockl\u00f6v\n J,\n \n \n Caminade\n C,\n \n \n Lowe\n R.\n \n \n 2021.\nProjecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: a multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling study.\nLancet Planetary Health5:\ne404\u2013e414."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref23","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"938","article-title":"Continuation of mosquito surveillance and control during public health emergencies and natural disasters","volume":"69","author":"Connelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Connelly\n CR,\n \n \n Gerding\n JA,\n \n \n Jennings\n SM,\n \n \n Ruiz\n A,\n \n \n Barrera\n R,\n \n \n Partridge\n S,\n \n \n Ben Beard\n C.\n \n \n 2020.\nContinuation of mosquito surveillance and control during public health 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preference of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Warangal and Karim Nagar districts, Andhra Pradesh","volume":"41","author":"Das","year":"2004","unstructured":"Das\n BP,\n \n \n Lal\n S,\n \n \n Saxena\n VK.\n \n \n 2004.\nOutdoor resting preference of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Warangal and Karim Nagar districts, Andhra Pradesh.\nJ Vector Borne Dis41:\n32\u201336."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref27","series-title":"International Encyclopedia of Public Health","first-page":"552","article-title":"Helminthic diseases: filariasis","author":"Das","year":"2017","unstructured":"Das\n PK,\n \n \n Shenoy\n RK.\n \n \n 2017.\nHelminthic diseases: filariasis.\nInternational Encyclopedia of Public Health.\n2nd Edition. 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An analysis of gains achieved and challenges ahead.\nInfect Dis Poverty8:\n14."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref38","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1768","article-title":"Adult and child malaria mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"376","author":"Dhingra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dhingra\n N,\n \n \n Jha\n P,\n \n \n Sharma\n VP,\n \n \n Cohen\n AA,\n \n \n Jotkar\n RM,\n \n \n Rodriguez\n PS,\n \n \n Bassani\n DG,\n \n \n Suraweera\n W,\n \n \n Laxminarayan\n R,\n \n \n Peto\n R.\n \n \n 2010.\nAdult and child malaria mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey.\nLancet376:\n1768\u20131774."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref39","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"315","article-title":"Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Indian Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) populations","volume":"53","author":"Dykes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dykes\n CL,\n \n \n Das\n MK,\n \n \n Eapen\n A,\n \n \n Batra\n 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Alappuzha municipality, Kerala, India","volume":"115","author":"Gopalan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gopalan\n RB,\n \n \n Babu\n BV,\n \n \n Sugunan\n AP,\n \n \n Murali\n A,\n \n \n Ma\n MS,\n \n \n Balasubramanian\n R,\n \n \n Philip\n S.\n \n \n 2021.\nCommunity engagement to control dengue and other vector-borne diseases in Alappuzha municipality, Kerala, India.\nPathog Glob Health115:\n258\u2013266."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref47","series-title":"Trop Medicine Health","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21st century","volume":"39","author":"Gubler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gubler\n DJ.\n \n \n 2011.\nDengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21st century.\nTrop Medicine Health39:\nS3\u2013S11."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref48","series-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci","first-page":"560","article-title":"Remote sensing and geographical information system application for mosquito intervention\u2014a case study of Grater Hyderabad","volume":"2","author":"Gujju","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gujju\n G,\n \n \n Srinivasulu\n N,\n \n \n Gopi Naik\n N,\n \n \n Reddya Naik\n B.\n \n \n 2013.\nRemote sensing and geographical information system application for mosquito intervention\u2014a case study of Grater Hyderabad.\nInt J Curr Microbiol App Sci2:\n560\u2013556."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref49","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"160","article-title":"DDT indoor residual spray, still an effective tool to control Anopheles fluviatilis\u2013transmitted Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India","volume":"10","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gunasekaran\n K,\n \n \n Sahu\n SS,\n \n \n Jambulingam\n P,\n \n \n Das\n PK.\n \n \n 2005.\nDDT indoor residual spray, still an effective tool to control Anopheles fluviatilis\u2013transmitted Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India.\nTrop Med Int Health10:\n160\u2013168."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref50","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"373","article-title":"Dengue in India","volume":"136","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta\n N,\n \n \n Srivastava\n S,\n \n \n Jain\n A,\n \n \n Chaturvedi\n UC.\n \n \n 2012.\nDengue in India.\nIndian J Med Res136:\n373\u2013390."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref51","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Economic burden of dengue illness in India from 2013 to 2016: a systematic analysis","volume":"84S","author":"Hariharan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hariharan\n D,\n \n \n Das\n MK,\n \n \n Shepard\n DS,\n \n \n Arora\n NK.\n \n \n 2019.\nEconomic burden of dengue illness in India from 2013 to 2016: a systematic analysis.\nInt J Infect Dis84S:\nS68\u2013S73."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref52","series-title":"Dengue Bull","first-page":"195","article-title":"Plastic cups inveigling Aedes albopictus (Skuse) breeding around tea vendor spots in Ernakulam city, Kerala State","volume":"27","author":"Hiriyan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hiriyan\n J,\n \n \n Tewari\n SC,\n \n \n Tyagi\n BK\n \n .\n2003.\nPlastic cups inveigling Aedes albopictus (Skuse) breeding around tea vendor spots in Ernakulam city, Kerala State.\nDengue Bull27:\n195\u2013196."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref53","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"323","article-title":"Cocoa pod (Theobroma cacao)\u2014a potential breeding habitat of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in dengue sensitive Kerala State, India","volume":"20","author":"Hiriyan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hiriyan\n J,\n \n \n Tyagi\n BK\n \n .\n2004.\nCocoa pod (Theobroma cacao)\u2014a potential breeding habitat of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in dengue sensitive Kerala State, India.\nJ Am Mosq Control Assoc20:\n323\u2013325."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref54","series-title":"Sci Trans Med","first-page":"eabj4124","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnostic tests for tuberculosis disease","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong\n JM,\n \n \n Lee\n H,\n \n \n Menon\n NV,\n \n \n Lim\n CT,\n \n \n Lee\n LP,\n \n \n Ong\n CWM.\n \n \n 2022.\nPoint-of-care diagnostic tests for tuberculosis disease.\nSci Trans Med14:\neabj4124."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref55","series-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun","first-page":"30","article-title":"Toward effective government communication strategies in the era of COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Hyland-Wood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hyland-Wood\n B,\n \n \n Gardner\n J,\n \n \n Leask\n J,\n \n \n Ecker\n UKH\n \n .\n2021.\nToward effective government communication strategies in the era of COVID-19.\nHumanit Soc Sci Commun8:\n30."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref56","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"2678","article-title":"Malaria in 2022: increasing challenges, cautious optimism","volume":"13","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jagannathan\n P,\n \n \n 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https:\/\/nvbdcp.gov.in\/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=431&lid=3715."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref92","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009182","article-title":"Impact of recent climate extremes on mosquito-borne disease transmission in Kenya","volume":"15","author":"Nosrat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nosrat\n C,\n \n \n Altamirano\n J,\n \n \n Anyamba\n A,\n \n \n Caldwell\n JM,\n \n \n Damoah\n R,\n \n \n Mutuku\n F,\n \n \n Ndenga\n B,\n \n \n LaBeaud\n AD\n \n .\n2021.\nImpact of recent climate extremes on mosquito-borne disease transmission in Kenya.\nPLoS Negl Trop Dis15:\ne0009182."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref93","author":"NVBDCP [National Vector Borne Disease Control Program].","year":"2020","unstructured":"NVBDCP [National Vector Borne Disease Control Program].\n \n 2020.\nAvailable from: 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M,\n \n \n Dash\n PK,\n \n \n Tripathi\n NK,\n \n \n Ambuj\n A,\n \n \n Sannarangaiah\n S,\n \n \n Saxena\n P.\n \n \n 2006.\nJapanese encephalitis outbreak, India, 2005.\nEmerg Infect Dis12:\n1427\u20131430."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref96","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Barriers against and strategies for malaria control during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park\n J,\n \n \n Kang\n S,\n \n \n Seok\n D,\n \n \n Baek\n YJ,\n \n \n An\n SY,\n \n \n Lee\n J,\n \n \n Jun\n A,\n \n \n Kim\n SY.\n \n \n 2023.\nBarriers against and strategies for malaria control during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.\nMalar J22:\n41."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref97","series-title":"J Family Med Prim Care","first-page":"3125","article-title":"A notorious vector-borne disease: dengue fever, its evolution as public health threat","volume":"8","author":"Pathak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pathak\n VK,\n \n \n Mohan\n M.\n \n \n 2019.\nA notorious vector-borne disease: dengue fever, its evolution as public health threat.\nJ Family Med Prim Care8:\n3125\u20133129."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref98","series-title":"Indian J Malariol","first-page":"141","article-title":"Malaria paradigms in India and control strategies","volume":"31","author":"Pattanayak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pattanayak\n S,\n \n \n Sharma\n VP,\n \n \n Kalra\n NL,\n \n \n Orlov\n VS,\n \n \n Sharma\n RS.\n \n \n 1994.\nMalaria paradigms in India and control strategies.\nIndian J Malariol31:\n141\u2013199."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref99","series-title":"Arch Public Health","first-page":"125","article-title":"Social and housing indicators of dengue and chikungunya in Indian adults aged 45 and above: analysis of a nationally representative survey (2017\u201318)","volume":"80","author":"Paulson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paulson\n W,\n \n \n Kodali\n NK,\n \n \n Balasubramani\n K,\n \n \n Dixit\n R,\n \n \n Chellappan\n S,\n \n \n Behera\n SK,\n \n \n Balabaskaran\n NP.\n \n \n 2022.\nSocial and housing indicators of dengue and chikungunya in Indian adults aged 45 and above: analysis of a nationally representative survey (2017\u201318).\nArch Public Health80:\n125."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref100","series-title":"Int Phys Med Rehab J","first-page":"19","article-title":"Impact of mosquito-borne diseases on global public health","volume":"6","author":"Penhollow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Penhollow\n TM,\n \n \n Torres\n L.\n \n \n 2021.\nImpact of mosquito-borne diseases on global public health.\nInt Phys Med Rehab J6:\n19\u201320."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref101","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1498","article-title":"El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation as an early warning tool for dengue outbreak in India","volume":"20","author":"Pramanik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pramanik\n M,\n \n \n Singh\n P,\n \n \n Kumar\n G,\n \n \n Ojha\n VP,\n \n \n Dhiman\n RC.\n \n \n 2020.\nEl Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation as an early warning tool for dengue outbreak in India.\nBMC Public Health20:\n1498."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref102","series-title":"J Earth Syst Sci","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Impact of monsoon rainfall on the total foodgrain yield over India","volume":"123","author":"Prasanna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prasanna\n V.\n \n \n 2014.\nImpact of monsoon rainfall on the total foodgrain yield over India.\nJ Earth Syst Sci123:\n1129\u20131145."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref103","series-title":"An introduction to the concept of One Health. One Health Integrated approach to 21st century challenges health","first-page":"1","author":"Prata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prata\n JC,\n \n \n Ribeiro\n AI,\n \n \n Rocha-Santos\n T.\n \n \n 2022.\nAn introduction to the concept of One Health. One Health Integrated approach to 21st century challenges health.\nLondon:\nAcademic Press. pp.\n1\u201331."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref104","series-title":"Indian J Public Health","first-page":"219","article-title":"Developing a public health cadre in 21st century India: addressing gaps in technical, administrative and social dimensions of public health services","volume":"57","author":"Priya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Priya\n R,\n \n \n Chikersal\n A.\n \n \n 2013.\nDeveloping a public health cadre in 21st century India: addressing gaps in technical, administrative and social dimensions of public health services.\nIndian J Public Health57:\n219\u2013224."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref105","series-title":"BMJ Global Health","first-page":"e004198","article-title":"For malaria elimination India needs a platform for data integration","volume":"5","author":"Rahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahi\n M,\n \n \n Sharma\n A.\n \n \n 2020.\nFor malaria elimination India needs a platform for data integration.\nBMJ Global Health5:\ne004198."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref106","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health SE Asia","first-page":"100009","article-title":"Malaria control initiatives that have the potential to be gamechangers in India\u2019s quest for malaria elimination","volume":"2","author":"Rahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahi\n M,\n \n \n Sharma\n A.\n \n \n 2022.\nMalaria control initiatives that have the potential to be gamechangers in India\u2019s quest for malaria elimination.\nLancet Reg Health SE Asia2:\n100009."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref107","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"588","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis virus in India: an update on virus genotypes","volume":"156","author":"Rajaiah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajaiah\n P,\n \n \n Kumar\n A.\n \n \n 2022.\nJapanese encephalitis virus in India: an update on virus genotypes.\nIndian J Med Res156:\n588\u2013597.\n36926775"},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref108","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"410","article-title":"Study design and operational framework for a community-based malaria elimination demonstration project (MEDP) in 1233 villages of district Mandla, Madhya Pradesh","volume":"19","author":"Rajvanshi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajvanshi\n H,\n \n \n Bharti\n PK,\n \n \n Nisar\n S.\n \n \n 2020.\nStudy design and operational framework for a community-based malaria elimination demonstration project (MEDP) in 1233 villages of district Mandla, Madhya Pradesh.\nMalar J19:\n410."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref109","series-title":"Parasitol Today","first-page":"251","article-title":"The economic burden of lymphatic filariasis in India","volume":"16","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramaiah\n KD,\n \n \n Das\n PK,\n \n \n Michael\n E,\n \n \n Guyatt\n H.\n \n \n 2000.\nThe economic burden of lymphatic filariasis in India.\nParasitol Today16:\n251\u2013253."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref110","series-title":"Trop Medicine Int Health","first-page":"1062","article-title":"Effectiveness of community and health services\u2014organized drug delivery strategies for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"6","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramaiah\n KD,\n \n \n Vijay\n KN,\n \n \n Chandrakala\n AV,\n \n \n Augustin DJ Appavoo\n NC,\n \n \n Das\n PK.\n \n \n 2001.\nEffectiveness of community and health services\u2014organized drug delivery strategies for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India.\nTrop Medicine Int Health6:\n1062\u20131069."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref111","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"243","article-title":"Situation analysis in a large urban area of India, prior to launching a program of mass drug administrations to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","volume":"99","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ramaiah\n KD,\n \n \n Vijay Kumar\n KN,\n \n \n Ravi\n R,\n \n \n Das\n PK.\n \n \n 2005.\nSituation analysis in a large urban area of India, prior to launching a program of mass drug administrations to eliminate lymphatic filariasis.\nAnn Trop Med Parasitol99:\n243\u2013245."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref112","series-title":"BMJ Global Health","first-page":"e005391","article-title":"Forest malaria: the prevailing obstacle for malaria control and elimination in India","volume":"6","author":"Ranjha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranjha\n R,\n \n \n Sharma\n A.\n \n \n 2021.\nForest malaria: the prevailing obstacle for malaria control and elimination in India.\nBMJ Global Health6:\ne005391."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref113","series-title":"Ind J Med Res","first-page":"548","article-title":"Geographical distribution of primary & secondary dengue cases in India\u20142017: a cross-sectional multicentric study","volume":"149","author":"Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rao\n C,\n \n \n Kaur\n H,\n \n \n Gupta\n N,\n \n \n Sabeena\n SP,\n \n \n Ambica\n R,\n \n \n Jain\n A,\n \n \n Yadav\n A,\n \n \n Dwibedi\n B,\n \n \n Malhotra\n B,\n \n \n Dalip\n K,\n \n \n Biswas\n D,\n \n \n Savargaonkar\n D,\n \n \n Ganesan\n M,\n \n \n Sabat\n J,\n \n \n Dhingra\n K,\n \n \n Lalitha\n S,\n \n \n Valecha\n N,\n \n \n Madhavilatha\n P,\n \n \n Barde\n PV,\n \n \n Joshi\n PD,\n \n \n Sharma\n P,\n \n \n Gupta\n R,\n \n \n Ratho\n RK,\n \n \n Sidhu\n S,\n \n \n Shrivastava\n SS,\n \n \n Dutta\n S,\n \n \n Shantala\n GB,\n \n \n Imtiaz\n S,\n \n \n Sethi\n S,\n \n \n Kalawat\n U,\n \n \n Vijayachari\n P,\n \n \n Raj\n V,\n \n \n Vijay\n N,\n \n \n Barua\n P,\n \n \n Majumdar\n T,\n \n \n Arunkumar\n G.\n \n \n 2019.\nGeographical distribution of primary & secondary dengue cases in India\u20142017: a cross-sectional multicentric study.\nInd J Med Res149:\n548\u2013553."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref114","series-title":"J Commun Dis","first-page":"306","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis epidemic in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh (October\u2013November, 1999)","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rao\n JS,\n \n \n Misra\n SP,\n \n \n Patanayak\n SK,\n \n \n Rao\n TV,\n \n \n Das Gupta\n RK,\n \n \n Thapar\n BR.\n \n \n 2000.\nJapanese encephalitis epidemic in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh (October\u2013November, 1999).\nJ Commun Dis32:\n306\u2013312."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref115","series-title":"Euro J Med Chem","first-page":"114653","article-title":"New structural classes of antimalarials","volume":"242","author":"Rathod","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rathod\n GK,\n \n \n Jain\n M,\n \n \n Sharma\n KK,\n \n \n Das\n S,\n \n \n Basak\n A,\n \n \n Jain\n R.\n \n \n 2022.\nNew structural classes of antimalarials.\nEuro J Med Chem242:\n114653."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref116","series-title":"Lymphatic filariasis","first-page":"281","article-title":"Biological control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae), the ubiquitous vector for lymphatic filariasis: a review","author":"Reddya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reddya\n NB.\n \n \n 2018.\nBiological control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae), the ubiquitous vector for lymphatic filariasis: a review. In:\nTyagiB, ed.\nLymphatic filariasis.\nSingapore:\nSpringer. pp.\n281\u2013292."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref117","series-title":"Nat Immunol","first-page":"479","article-title":"Climate change: an enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control","volume":"21","author":"Rocklov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rocklov\n J,\n \n \n Dubrow\n R.\n \n \n 2020.\nClimate change: an enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control.\nNat Immunol21:\n479\u2013483."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref118","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"239","article-title":"Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria","volume":"18","author":"Rogerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogerson\n SJ,\n \n \n Beeson\n JG,\n \n \n Laman\n M,\n \n \n Poespoprodjo\n JR,\n \n \n William\n T,\n \n \n Simpson\n JA,\n \n \n Price\n RN.\n \n \n 2020.\nIdentifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria.\nBMC Med18:\n239."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref119","series-title":"Int J Occup Environ Med","first-page":"7","article-title":"Global warming and its health impact","volume":"8","author":"Rossati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rossati\n A.\n \n \n 2017.\nGlobal warming and its health impact.\nInt J Occup Environ Med8:\n7\u201320."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref120","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"347","article-title":"Diethylcarbamazine citrate-fortified salt for lymphatic filariasis elimination in India","volume":"155","author":"Sabesan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabesan\n S,\n \n \n Krishnamoorthy\n K,\n \n \n Hoti\n SL,\n \n \n Subramanian\n S,\n \n \n Srividya\n A,\n \n \n Roy\n N,\n \n \n Jain\n T,\n \n \n Kumar\n A,\n \n \n Rahi\n M.\n \n \n 2022.\nDiethylcarbamazine citrate-fortified salt for lymphatic filariasis elimination in India.\nIndian J Med Res155:\n347\u2013355."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref121","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"e170499","article-title":"Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India","volume":"113","author":"Sahu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahu\n SS,\n \n \n Dash\n S,\n \n \n Sonia\n T,\n \n \n Muthukumaravel\n S,\n \n \n Sankari\n T,\n \n \n Gunasekaran\n K,\n \n \n Jambulingam\n P.\n \n \n 2018.\nEntomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India.\nMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz113:\ne170499."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref122","series-title":"J Vector Borne Dis","first-page":"313","article-title":"Dengue vectors prevalence and the related risk factors involved in the transmission of dengue in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, South India","volume":"51","author":"Samuel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samuel\n PP,\n \n \n Thenmozhi\n V,\n \n \n Nagaraj\n J,\n \n \n Kumar\n TD,\n \n \n Tyagi\n BK.\n \n \n 2014.\nDengue vectors prevalence and the related risk factors involved in the transmission of dengue in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, South India.\nJ Vector Borne Dis51:\n313\u2013319."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref123","series-title":"Medical entomology for students","author":"Service","year":"2008","unstructured":"Service\n MW.\n \n \n 2008.\nMedical entomology for students.\n5th ed.\nCambridge:\nCambridge University Press."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref124","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"57","article-title":"Antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in India: changes over time and space","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shah\n NK,\n \n \n Dhillon\n GP,\n \n \n Dash\n AP,\n \n \n Arora\n U,\n \n \n Meshnick\n SR,\n \n \n Valecha\n N.\n \n \n 2011.\nAntimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in India: changes over time and space.\nLancet Infect Dis11:\n57\u201364."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref125","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1402","article-title":"Does COVID-19 lockdowns have impacted on global dengue burden? A special focus to India","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma\n H,\n \n \n Ilyas\n A,\n \n \n Chowdhury\n A,\n \n \n Poddar\n NK,\n \n \n Chaudhary\n AA,\n \n \n Shilbayeh\n SAR,\n \n \n Ibrahim\n AA,\n \n \n Khan\n S.\n \n \n 2022.\nDoes COVID-19 lockdowns have impacted on global dengue burden? 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India: a critical study.\nSoc Sci Med22:\n835\u2013845."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref129","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Economic and disease burden of dengue illness in India","volume":"91","author":"Shepard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shepard\n DS,\n \n \n Halasa\n YA,\n \n \n Tyagi\n BK,\n \n \n Adhish\n SV,\n \n \n Nandan\n D,\n \n \n Karthiga\n KS,\n \n \n Chellaswamy\n V,\n \n \n Gaba\n M,\n \n \n Arora\n NK.\n \n \n 2014.\nEconomic and disease burden of dengue illness in India.\nAm J Trop Med Hyg91:\n1235\u20131242."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref130","series-title":"J Ind Acad Clinic Med","first-page":"19","article-title":"Status of malaria in India","volume":"5","author":"Shiv","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shiv\n Lal,\n \n \n Sonal\n GS,\n \n \n Phukan\n PK.\n \n \n 2000.\nStatus of malaria in India.\nJ Ind Acad Clinic Med5:\n19\u201323."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref131","series-title":"Trop Parasitol","first-page":"124","article-title":"Filariasis presenting as a solitary testicular mass","volume":"9","author":"Shukla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shukla\n SK,\n \n \n Kusum\n A,\n \n \n Sharma\n S,\n \n \n Kandari\n D.\n \n \n 2019.\nFilariasis presenting as a solitary testicular mass.\nTrop Parasitol9:\n124\u2013126."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref133","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"1337","article-title":"The first dominant co-circulation of both dengue and chikungunya viruses during the post-monsoon period of 2010 in Delhi, India","volume":"140","author":"Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh\n P,\n \n \n Mittal\n V,\n \n \n Rizvi\n M,\n \n \n Chhabra\n M,\n \n \n Sharma\n P,\n \n \n Rawat\n D,\n \n \n Rai\n A.\n \n \n 2012.\nThe first dominant co-circulation of both dengue and chikungunya viruses during the post-monsoon period of 2010 in Delhi, India.\nEpidemiol Infect140:\n1337\u20131342."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref134","series-title":"Parasite","first-page":"61","article-title":"Challenges of drug-resistant malaria","volume":"21","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sinha\n S,\n \n \n Medhi\n B,\n \n \n Sehgal\n R.\n \n \n 2014.\nChallenges of drug-resistant malaria.\nParasite21:\n61."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref135","series-title":"Curr Sci","first-page":"672","article-title":"Urgent need for a permanent dengue surveillance system in India","volume":"102","author":"Sivagnaname","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sivagnaname\n N,\n \n \n Yuvarajan\n S,\n \n \n De Britto\n RLJ.\n \n \n 2012.\nUrgent need for a permanent dengue surveillance system in India.\nCurr Sci102:\n672\u2013675."},{"issue":"673\u2013674","key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref136","series-title":"J Indian Med Assoc","first-page":"676","article-title":"Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in India\u2014a successful endeavour","volume":"106","author":"Srivastava","year":"2008","unstructured":"Srivastava\n PK,\n \n \n Dhillon\n GP.\n \n \n 2008.\nElimination of lymphatic filariasis in India\u2014a successful endeavour.\nJ Indian Med Assoc106:\n673\u2013674,\n676\u2013677."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref137","series-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis","first-page":"245","article-title":"Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kerala, a southern Indian state","volume":"60","author":"Thenmozhi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thenmozhi\n V,\n \n \n Hiriyan\n JG,\n \n \n Tewari\n SC,\n \n \n Samuel\n P,\n \n \n Paramasivan\n R,\n \n \n Rajendran\n R,\n \n \n Mani\n TR,\n \n \n Tyagi\n BK.\n \n \n 2007.\nNatural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kerala, a southern Indian state.\nJpn J Infect Dis60:\n245\u2013249."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref138","series-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am","first-page":"397","article-title":"Human-mosquito contact: a missing link in our understanding of mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics","volume":"114","author":"Thongsripong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thongsripong\n P,\n \n \n Hyman\n JM,\n \n \n Kapan\n DD,\n \n \n Bennett\n SN.\n \n \n 2021.\nHuman-mosquito contact: a missing link in our understanding of mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics.\nAnn Entomol Soc Am114:\n397\u2013414."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref139","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health SE Asia","first-page":"100053","article-title":"India\u2019s public health management policy","volume":"4","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tiwari\n R,\n \n \n Himanshu\n N,\n \n \n Sanjay\n Z.\n \n \n 2022.\nIndia\u2019s public health management policy.\nLancet Reg Health SE Asia4:\n100053."},{"key":"i1943-6270-39-4-258-ref140","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"29","article-title":"Introduction of triple-drug therapy for 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