{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:05:29Z","timestamp":1776301529608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We present an updated checklist of mosquito species in New York State, integrating historical records, modern surveillance, and recent literature. A total of 68 species across 10 genera are documented, including invasive taxa (\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and historically rare species (\n                    <jats:italic>Orthopodomyia alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Or. signifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). This synthesis emphasizes species of public and veterinary significance, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Culiseta melanura<\/jats:italic>\n                    , vectors of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses. Analysis of more than 3 million specimens collected since 1999 confirms the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    , historically introduced but unable to persist in New York. Urbanization, container-breeding ecology, climate change, and global commerce continue to shape mosquito distributions and pathogen risk. This checklist bridges historic and current data, providing a reliable reference for surveillance, vector control, and future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/25-7246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:45:30Z","timestamp":1763739930000},"page":"174-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MOSQUITO SPECIES OF NEW YORK STATE: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST WITH PUBLIC AND VETERINARY HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Waheed I.","family":"Bajwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Vector Surveillance and Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), 125 Worth Street, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Vector Surveillance and Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), 125 Worth Street, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahir","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Vector Surveillance and Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), 125 Worth Street, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref01","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"175","article-title":"Epidemiology of Jamestown Canyon virus in the northeastern United States","volume":"8","author":"Andreadis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andreadis TG,\nAnderson JF,\nMain AJ. 2008. Epidemiology of Jamestown Canyon virus in the northeastern United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8:175\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2007.0169"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref02","series-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"159","article-title":"Patterns of West Nile virus transmission and overwintering in Culex mosquitoes in the northeastern United States","volume":"10","author":"Andreadis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andreadis TG,\nArmstrong PM,\nBajwa, WI. 2010. Patterns of West Nile virus transmission and overwintering in Culex mosquitoes in the northeastern United States. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis 10:159\u2013170."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref04","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"138","article-title":"A taxonomic checklist and relative abundance of the mosquitoes of New York City","volume":"34","author":"Bajwa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bajwa WI. 2018. A taxonomic checklist and relative abundance of the mosquitoes of New York City. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 34:138\u2013142."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref05","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"364","article-title":"Epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York City: trends and transmission dynamics (2000\u20132019)","volume":"14","author":"Bajwa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bajwa WI,\nZhou L. 2025. Epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York City: trends and transmission dynamics (2000\u20132019). Pathogens 14:364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14040364"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref06","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomology","first-page":"106","article-title":"Subterranean populations of Culex pipiens molestus in New York City","author":"Bajwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bajwa WI,\nZuzworsky J. 2016. Subterranean populations of Culex pipiens molestus in New York City. In: \nBajwa WI, ed. Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomology. 2016 May 22\u201325; Albuquerque, NM. p 106."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref07","series-title":"Mosq News","first-page":"69","article-title":"An annotated list of the mosquitoes of New York","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"1950","unstructured":"Barnes RC,\nFelton HL,\nWilson CA. 1950. An annotated list of the mosquitoes of New York. Mosq News 10:69\u201384."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref08","article-title":"Jamestown Canyon virus [Internet]","author":"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]","year":"2018","unstructured":"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. 2018. Jamestown Canyon virus [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [accessed October 2, 2025] Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/jamestown-canyon\/index.html"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref09","series-title":"Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico","author":"Darsie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Darsie RF,\nWard RA. 2005. Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. 2nd ed. Gainesville, FL: Univ. Press of Florida."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref10","series-title":"Infect Genet Evol","first-page":"1577","article-title":"Bird biting mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex","volume":"11","author":"Farajollahi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farajollahi A,\nFonseca DM,\nKramer LD,\nKilpatrick AM. 2011. Bird biting mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex. Infect Genet Evol 11:1577\u20131585."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref11","series-title":"Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State","author":"Felt","year":"1904","unstructured":"Felt EP. 1904. Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. Albany, NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref40","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex","volume":"303","author":"Fonseca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fonseca DM,\nKeyghobadi N,\nMalcolm CA,\nMehmet C,\nSchaffner F,\nMogi M,\nFleischer RC,\nWilkerson, RC. 2004. Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303:1535\u20131538."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref12","series-title":"Environ Health Perspect","first-page":"047016","article-title":"Assessing the influence of climate on the spatial pattern of West Nile virus incidence in the United States","volume":"131","author":"Gorris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorris ME,\nRanderson JT,\nCoffield SR,\nTreseder KK,\nZender CS,\nXu C,\nManore CA. 2023. Assessing the influence of climate on the spatial pattern of West Nile virus incidence in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 131:047016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP10986"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref13","series-title":"The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology","first-page":"313","article-title":"Jamestown Canyon virus","volume":"2","author":"Grimstad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grimstad PR. 2001. Jamestown Canyon virus. In: \nMonath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Volume 2. 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Albany NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref17","series-title":"Glob Chang Biol","first-page":"5430","article-title":"West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change","volume":"27","author":"Keyel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keyel AC,\nRaghavendra A,\nCiota AT,\nElison TO. 2021. West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change. Glob Chang Biol 27:5430\u20135445."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref18","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Introduction, spread, and establishment of West Nile virus in the Americas","volume":"56","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kramer LD,\nCiota AT,\nKilpatrick AM. 2019. Introduction, spread, and establishment of West Nile virus in the Americas. J Med Entomol 56:1444\u20131455."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref19","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"178","article-title":"Mosquito vectors of dog heartworm in the United States: vector status and factors influencing transmission efficiency","volume":"26","author":"Ledesma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ledesma N,\nHarrington L. 2011. Mosquito vectors of dog heartworm in the United States: vector status and factors influencing transmission efficiency. 2011. Top Companion Anim Med 26:178\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.005"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref20","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"264","article-title":"West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in New York State, 2000\u20132004. 2006","volume":"22","author":"Lukacik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lukacik G,\nAnand M,\nShusas EJ,\nHoward JJ,\nOliver J,\nChen H,\nWhite DJ,\nKramer LD. 2006. West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in New York State, 2000\u20132004. 2006. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22:264\u2013271."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref21","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Culex-transmitted diseases: mechanisms, impact, and future control strategies using Wolbachia","volume":"16","author":"Madhav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madhav M,\nBlasdell KR,\nTrewin B,\nParadkar PN,\nL\u00f3pez-Denman AJ. 2024. Culex-transmitted diseases: mechanisms, impact, and future control strategies using Wolbachia. Viruses 16:1134."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref22","series-title":"Handbook of the mosquitoes of North America","author":"Matheson","year":"1944","unstructured":"Matheson R. 1944. Handbook of the mosquitoes of North America. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Co."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref23","series-title":"Mosquitoes of New York: part I. The genus Aedes Meigen with identification keys to genera of Culicidae","author":"Means","year":"1979","unstructured":"Means RG. 1979. Mosquitoes of New York: part I. The genus Aedes Meigen with identification keys to genera of Culicidae. Albany NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref24","series-title":"Mosquitoes of New York: part II. Genera of Culicidae other than Aedes occurring in New York","author":"Means","year":"1987","unstructured":"Means RG. 1987. Mosquitoes of New York: part II. Genera of Culicidae other than Aedes occurring in New York. Albany NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref25","series-title":"A list of the insects of New York","author":"Mortimer","year":"1926","unstructured":"Mortimer DL. 1926. A list of the insects of New York. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref26","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Surveillance and genetic analysis of Jamestown Canyon virus in New York State: 2001\u20132022","volume":"109","author":"Ngo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngo KA,\nMaffei JG,\nKoetzner CA,\nZink SD,\nPayne AF,\nBackenson PB,\nWhite JL,\nPupuis AP,\nKramer LD,\nCiota AT. 2023. Surveillance and genetic analysis of Jamestown Canyon virus in New York State: 2001\u20132022. Am J Trop Med Hyg 109:1329\u20131332."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref27","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"362","article-title":"Twenty years of surveillance for Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in New York State (1993\u20132012)","volume":"11","author":"Oliver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliver J,\nLukacik G,\nShusas EJ,\nHoward JJ,\nAnand M,\nChen H,\nWhite DJ,\nKramer LD. 2018. Twenty years of surveillance for Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in New York State (1993\u20132012). Parasit Vectors 11:362."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref28","series-title":"Emerg Top Life Sci","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans","volume":"3","author":"Paz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paz S. 2019. Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans. Emerg Top Life Sci 3:143\u2013152."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref29","series-title":"Urban Ecosyst","first-page":"703","article-title":"Mosquito community composition and dynamics in New York City parks","volume":"23","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira DM,\nKilpatrick AM,\nKramer LD. 2020. Mosquito community composition and dynamics in New York City parks. Urban Ecosyst 23:703\u2013716."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref41","series-title":"Commun Biol","first-page":"92","article-title":"Identification of Uranotaenia sapphirina as a specialist of annelids broadens known mosquito host use patterns","volume":"1","author":"Reeves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reeves LE,\nHolderman CJ,\nBlosser EM,\nGillett-Kaufman JL,\nKawahara AY,\nKaufman PE,\nBurkett-Cadena ND. 2018. Identification of Uranotaenia sapphirina as a specialist of annelids broadens known mosquito host use patterns. Commun Biol 1:92."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref42","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"175","article-title":"New classification for the composite genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), elevation of subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species","volume":"16","author":"Reinert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reinert JF. 2000. New classification for the composite genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), elevation of subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16:175\u2013188."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref30","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1474","article-title":"West Nile virus mosquito vectors in North America","volume":"56","author":"Rochlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rochlin I,\nFarajollahi A,\nHealy SP,\nAndreadis TG. 2019. West Nile virus mosquito vectors in North America. J Med Entomol 56:1474\u20131490."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref31","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"677","article-title":"Isolation of the virus of Jamestown Canyon from mosquitoes in Wisconsin","volume":"3","author":"Rosen","year":"1954","unstructured":"Rosen L,\nRozeboom LE. 1954. Isolation of the virus of Jamestown Canyon from mosquitoes in Wisconsin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3:677\u2013682."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref32","series-title":"FASEB J","first-page":"05963","article-title":"Population structure and admixture of Culex pipiens complex in New York City using genotyping by sequencing","volume":"34","author":"Seto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seto J,\nBasu S,\nBrekman A,\nBajwa WI. 2020. Population structure and admixture of Culex pipiens complex in New York City using genotyping by sequencing. FASEB J 34:05963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05963"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref33","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"557","article-title":"Vector competence of North American mosquitoes for West Nile virus","volume":"42","author":"Turell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Turell MJ,\nDohm DJ.\nSardelis MR. 2005. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes for West Nile virus. 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Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8:175\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2007.0169"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref02","series-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"159","article-title":"Patterns of West Nile virus transmission and overwintering in Culex mosquitoes in the northeastern United States","volume":"10","author":"Andreadis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andreadis TG,\nArmstrong PM,\nBajwa, WI. 2010. Patterns of West Nile virus transmission and overwintering in Culex mosquitoes in the northeastern United States. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis 10:159\u2013170."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref04","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"138","article-title":"A taxonomic checklist and relative abundance of the mosquitoes of New York City","volume":"34","author":"Bajwa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bajwa WI. 2018. A taxonomic checklist and relative abundance of the mosquitoes of New York City. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 34:138\u2013142."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref05","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"364","article-title":"Epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York City: trends and transmission dynamics (2000\u20132019)","volume":"14","author":"Bajwa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bajwa WI,\nZhou L. 2025. Epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York City: trends and transmission dynamics (2000\u20132019). Pathogens 14:364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14040364"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref06","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomology","first-page":"106","article-title":"Subterranean populations of Culex pipiens molestus in New York City","author":"Bajwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bajwa WI,\nZuzworsky J. 2016. Subterranean populations of Culex pipiens molestus in New York City. In: \nBajwa WI, ed. Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomology. 2016 May 22\u201325; Albuquerque, NM. p 106."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref07","series-title":"Mosq News","first-page":"69","article-title":"An annotated list of the mosquitoes of New York","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"1950","unstructured":"Barnes RC,\nFelton HL,\nWilson CA. 1950. An annotated list of the mosquitoes of New York. Mosq News 10:69\u201384."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref08","article-title":"Jamestown Canyon virus [Internet]","author":"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]","year":"2018","unstructured":"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. 2018. Jamestown Canyon virus [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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Infect Genet Evol 11:1577\u20131585."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref11","series-title":"Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State","author":"Felt","year":"1904","unstructured":"Felt EP. 1904. Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. Albany, NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref40","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex","volume":"303","author":"Fonseca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fonseca DM,\nKeyghobadi N,\nMalcolm CA,\nMehmet C,\nSchaffner F,\nMogi M,\nFleischer RC,\nWilkerson, RC. 2004. Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303:1535\u20131538."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref12","series-title":"Environ Health Perspect","first-page":"047016","article-title":"Assessing the influence of climate on the spatial pattern of West Nile virus incidence in the United States","volume":"131","author":"Gorris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorris ME,\nRanderson JT,\nCoffield SR,\nTreseder KK,\nZender CS,\nXu C,\nManore CA. 2023. Assessing the influence of climate on the spatial pattern of West Nile virus incidence in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 131:047016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP10986"},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref13","series-title":"The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology","first-page":"313","article-title":"Jamestown Canyon virus","volume":"2","author":"Grimstad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grimstad PR. 2001. Jamestown Canyon virus. In: \nMonath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Volume 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p 313\u2013342."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref14","series-title":"Syst Entomol","first-page":"500","article-title":"Phylogeny and classification of mosquitoes","volume":"41","author":"Harbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harbach RE,\nKitching IJ. 2016. Phylogeny and classification of mosquitoes. Syst Entomol 41:500\u2013517."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref15","series-title":"Bloodsucking flies and other outdoor nuisance arthropods of New York State","author":"Jamnback","year":"1969","unstructured":"Jamnback H. 1969. Bloodsucking flies and other outdoor nuisance arthropods of New York State. Albany NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref16","series-title":"Aquatic nematocerous Diptera","author":"Johannsen","year":"1903","unstructured":"Johannsen OA. 1903. Aquatic nematocerous Diptera. Albany NY: New York State Education Department."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref17","series-title":"Glob Chang Biol","first-page":"5430","article-title":"West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change","volume":"27","author":"Keyel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keyel AC,\nRaghavendra A,\nCiota AT,\nElison TO. 2021. West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change. Glob Chang Biol 27:5430\u20135445."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref18","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Introduction, spread, and establishment of West Nile virus in the Americas","volume":"56","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kramer LD,\nCiota AT,\nKilpatrick AM. 2019. Introduction, spread, and establishment of West Nile virus in the Americas. 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West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in New York State, 2000\u20132004. 2006. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22:264\u2013271."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref21","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Culex-transmitted diseases: mechanisms, impact, and future control strategies using Wolbachia","volume":"16","author":"Madhav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madhav M,\nBlasdell KR,\nTrewin B,\nParadkar PN,\nL\u00f3pez-Denman AJ. 2024. Culex-transmitted diseases: mechanisms, impact, and future control strategies using Wolbachia. Viruses 16:1134."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref22","series-title":"Handbook of the mosquitoes of North America","author":"Matheson","year":"1944","unstructured":"Matheson R. 1944. Handbook of the mosquitoes of North America. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Co."},{"key":"i1943-6270-41-4-174-ref23","series-title":"Mosquitoes of New York: part I. 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