{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:13:07Z","timestamp":1783732387219,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Mosquito Control Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) is the largest sand island in the world and a popular tourist destination. Despite its importance as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site, there is a paucity of information regarding its mosquito fauna. From 1968 to 1976, several qualitative entomological surveys were carried out on K\u2019gari, but no published work has been undertaken since. This study presents quantitative findings from three surveys undertaken using CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -baited light traps in April and October 2024, and May 2025. In total, 3,356 mosquitoes, representing 31 species across 10 genera, were collected from 28 sites. Ten of these species were previously unrecorded on K\u2019gari including\n                    <jats:italic>Culex gelidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a known vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The major Australian arbovirus vector,\n                    <jats:italic>Culex annulirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was the most prevalent species recorded overall, comprising 22% of mosquitoes collected. Considerable numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>Mansonia uniformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Coquillettidia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    whose larvae develop in freshwater sites with emergent vegetation were also observed, along with high abundances of other freshwater species. Surprisingly, species associated with brackish habitats, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes vigilax<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Culex sitiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    comprised &lt; 5% of the total species collected. Relatively large numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>Culiseta arenivaga<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a species that has only ever been recorded from K\u2019gari were also observed. Overall, it is evident that K\u2019gari is home to an abundance of diverse and medically important mosquito fauna, with assemblages dominated by freshwater-associated species, rather than coastal salt marsh taxa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2987\/26-7279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:35:14Z","timestamp":1776472514000},"page":"105-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["THE MOSQUITO FAUNA OF K\u2019GARI (FRASER ISLAND), AUSTRALIA, THE WORLD\u2019S LARGEST SAND ISLAND"],"prefix":"10.2987","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Wisdom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Virology, Public and Environmental Health Reference Laboratories, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Belby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wide Bay Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F","family":"van den Hurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Virology, Public and Environmental Health Reference Laboratories, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie C.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Regulation Branch, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1569","reference":[{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref01","article-title":"Climate statistics for Australian locations [Internet]","author":"Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology","year":"2026","unstructured":"Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. 2026. Climate statistics for Australian locations [Internet]. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology [accessed February 23, 2026]. https:\/\/www.bom.gov.au\/climate\/averages\/tables\/cw_039085.shtml"},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref02","series-title":"Med Vet Entomol","first-page":"423","article-title":"Population structure and dispersal of the saltmarsh mosquito Aedes vigilax in Queensland, Australia","volume":"13","author":"Chapman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chapman HF,\nHughes JM,\nJennings C,\nKay BH,\nRitchie SA. 1999. Population structure and dispersal of the saltmarsh mosquito Aedes vigilax in Queensland, Australia. Med Vet Entomol 13:423\u2013430."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref03","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1005070","article-title":"Ross River virus: Many vectors and unusual hosts make for an unpredictable pathogen","volume":"11","author":"Claflin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claflin SB,\nWebb CE. 2015. Ross River virus: Many vectors and unusual hosts make for an unpredictable pathogen. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005070."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref04","article-title":"K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) Sustainable Visitor Capacity and Management Study \u2013 Recommendations [Internet] Available from the Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation","author":"DETSI [Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation, Queensland Government]","year":"2022","unstructured":"DETSI [Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation, Queensland Government]. 2022. 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Vector competence of Coquillettidia linealis (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) for Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses. Aust J Entomol 41:339\u2013344."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref10","series-title":"Aust J Entomol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Vector competence of Australian Culex gelidus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) for endemic and exotic arboviruses","volume":"48","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson PH,\nHall-Mendelin S,\nWhelan PI,\nFrances SP,\nJansen CC,\nMackenzie DO,\nNorthill JA,\nvan den Hurk AF. 2009. Vector competence of Australian Culex gelidus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) for endemic and exotic arboviruses. 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J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17:79\u201380."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref19","series-title":"Pac Conserv Biol","first-page":"PC22046","article-title":"K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area: evaluating change in plant species richness and composition over two decades","volume":"30","author":"Ngugi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngugi MR,\nNeldner VJ,\nMelzer R,\nBehrendorff L,\nDodt WG. 2024. K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area: evaluating change in plant species richness and composition over two decades. Pac Conserv Biol 30:PC22046."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref20","article-title":"WetlandInfo. K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage area [Internet]","author":"Queensland Government, Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation","year":"2021","unstructured":"Queensland Government, Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation. 2021. WetlandInfo. K\u2019gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage area [Internet]. Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland Government [accessed February 23, 2026]. https:\/\/wetlandinfo.detsi.qld.gov.au\/wetlands\/facts-maps\/world-heritage-area-kgari-fraser-island\/"},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref21","article-title":"SILO: Australian climate data from 1889 to yesterday [Internet]","author":"Queensland Government, Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation","year":"2026a","unstructured":"Queensland Government, Department of the Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation. 2026a. SILO: Australian climate data from 1889 to yesterday [Internet]. Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland Government [accessed February 23, 2026]. https:\/\/www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au\/silo\/"},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref22","article-title":"Waddy Point, K\u2019gari tide gauge predicted interval data [Internet]","author":"Queensland Government, Department of Transport and Main Roads","year":"2026b","unstructured":"Queensland Government, Department of Transport and Main Roads. 2026b. Waddy Point, K\u2019gari tide gauge predicted interval data [Internet]. Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland Government [accessed February 23, 2026]. https:\/\/www.data.qld.gov.au\/dataset\/waddy-point-k-gari-tide-gauge-predicted-interval-data"},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref23","series-title":"Rev Med Vet Entomol","first-page":"141","article-title":"Arboviruses and their vectors in Australia: an update on the ecology and epidemiology of some mosquito-borne arboviruses","volume":"83","author":"Russell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russell RC. 1995. 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Seasonal activity and relative abundance of adults of Aedes vigilax, Culex sitiens, and other salt-marsh species, 1993-94 through 1997-98. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15:242\u2013249."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref33","series-title":"A Guide to Mosquitoes of Australia","author":"Webb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Webb CE,\nDoggett SL,\nRussell RC. 2016. A Guide to Mosquitoes of Australia. Clayton South, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing."},{"key":"i1943-6270-42-2-105-ref34","series-title":"J Vector Ecol","first-page":"133","article-title":"First record of the mosquito Aedes (Downsiomyia) shehzadae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia: A unique discovery aided by citizen science","volume":"47","author":"Webb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Webb CE,\nClancy J,\nDoggett SL,\nMcAlister E,\nWilliam C,\nFricker S,\nvan den Hurk A,\nLessard B,\nLenagan J,\nWalter M. 2022. First record of the mosquito Aedes (Downsiomyia) shehzadae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia: A unique discovery aided by citizen science. J Vector Ecol 47:133\u2013137."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/42\/2\/article-p105.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/42\/2\/article-p105.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/moco\/42\/2\/article-p105.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:31:17Z","timestamp":1783729877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamca.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/moco\/42\/2\/article-p105.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2987\/26-7279","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-6270","8756-971X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-6270","type":"electronic"},{"value":"8756-971X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}