{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:45:46Z","timestamp":1773805546152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Publishing House Baltija Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJES"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The decarbonisation of corporate vehicle fleets is a central challenge in achieving Europe\u2019s climate neutrality targets under the European Green Deal. Although corporate vehicles constitute only a share of the total fleet, they account for a disproportionate fraction of total mileage and associated CO\u2082 emissions. Despite fiscal incentives and regulatory support, the adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) within the corporate sector remains significantly below private uptake, primarily due to uncertainty about operational feasibility and charging constraints. This study presents a data-driven framework for assessing fleet electrification potential based on empirical driving data and simulation-based modelling. Using vehicle usage records from the carmonitor.eu telematics platform, the research identifies four distinct operational archetypes within corporate fleets, differentiated by travel intensity, trip fragmentation, and temporal driving structure. These archetypes are derived through a clustering methodology employing standardised behavioural indicators, principal component analysis (PCA), and k-means segmentation, validated by silhouette and Davies\u2013Bouldin indices. Results demonstrate pronounced heterogeneity in fleet operation, with daily driving distances, trip frequency, and vehicle availability varying substantially across clusters. Scenario-based modelling reveals that electrification feasibility depends not only on total mileage but also on temporal driving regularity and charging opportunity windows. Vehicles with predictable daily cycles and long overnight parking are found to be most suitable for early electrification, while high-mileage or irregular-use vehicles require access to fast-charging infrastructure and larger battery capacities. The study concludes that segmenting corporate fleets by operational archetype provides a robust analytical foundation for transition planning, enabling tailored recommendations for vehicle selection, charging infrastructure, and total cost of ownership optimisation. By linking empirical usage data with simulation and scenario modelling, the paper contributes a replicable methodological approach for evidence-based fleet decarbonisation strategies across Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30525\/2256-0742\/2025-11-5-126-138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:52:16Z","timestamp":1763038336000},"page":"126-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MODELLING OPERATIONAL ARCHETYPES FOR CORPORATE FLEET ELECTRIFICATION"],"prefix":"10.30525","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aivars","family":"Rubenis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3770-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Tonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vadims","family":"Morozovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11982","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"64287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Alawi, B. M., & Bradley, T. H. (2013). Total cost of ownership, payback, and consumer preference modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Applied Energy, 103, 488\u2013506. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.10.009"},{"key":"64288","unstructured":"Antich, Arnau Oliver (2024). Unveiling Europe\u2019s Corporate Car Problem. Transport & Environment."},{"key":"64289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coffman, M., Bernstein, Paul, & Wee, S. (2017). Electric vehicles revisited: A review of factors that affect adoption. Transport Reviews, 37(1), 79\u201393. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01441647.2016.1217282","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2016.1217282"},{"key":"64290","unstructured":"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Decarbonise Corporate Fleets, No. COM\/2025\/96, European Commission (2025). Available at: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52025DC0096"},{"key":"64291","unstructured":"Cornelis, S., & Antich, A. O. (2023, May). The corporate cars problem and what the EU can do about it. Transport & Environment. Available at: https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/uploads\/files\/Briefing-on-Fleets-Regulation-3.pdf"},{"key":"64292","unstructured":"Cornelis, S., & Antich, A. O. (2025). Corporate fleets and the EU Automotive Industrial Action Plan: How the European Commission can boost demand for made-in-Europe EVs [Briefing]. Available at: https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/articles\/fleets-electrification-law-could-deliver-2-million-ev-sales-half-what-carmakers-need-to-meet-their-2030-emissions-targets-2#:~:text=presiding%20over,car%20on%20the%20used%20market"},{"key":"64293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Foggia, G. (2021). Drivers and challenges of electric vehicles integration in corporate fleet: An empirical survey. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 41, 100627. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rtbm.2021.100627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rtbm.2021.100627"},{"key":"64294","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2024). Sustainability of Europe\u2019s mobility systems (Web Report No. 01\/2024). European Environment Agency. Available at: https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/publications\/sustainability-of-europes-mobility-systems"},{"key":"64295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haustein, S., Jensen, A. F., & Cherchi, E. (2021). Battery electric vehicle adoption in Denmark and Sweden: Recent changes, related factors and policy implications. Energy Policy, 149, 112096. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.112096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.112096"},{"key":"64296","unstructured":"H\u00e9liot, R., & Ferrara, G. (2025). Recommendations for the Upcoming EU Corporate Fleets Legislation for Cars and Vans. Available at: https:\/\/www.emobilityeurope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Recommendations-for-the-Upcoming-EU-Corporate-Fleets-Legislation-for-Cars-and-Vans.pdf"},{"key":"64297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, V. V., & Koshy, B. I. (2021). Evaluating the factors influencing purchase intention of electric vehicles in households owning conventional vehicles. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(3), 1122\u20131129. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cstp.2021.05.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2021.05.013"},{"key":"64298","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2021\/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 Establishing the Framework for Achieving Climate Neutrality and Amending Regulations (EC) No 401\/2009 and (EU) 2018\/1999 (\u2018European Climate Law\u2019), No. 2021\/1119, European Parliament (2021)."},{"key":"64299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubenis, A., Laiz\u0101ns, A., & Zvirbule, A. (2019). Evaluation of a Necessity for Subsidies for Electric Vehicle Purchases in Latvia: 2013\u20132017. In I. Kabashkin, I. Yatskiv (Jackiva), & O. Prentkovskis (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (pp. 637\u2013646). Springer. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-12450-2_61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12450-2_61"},{"key":"64300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubenis, A., Tonova, J., & Morozovs, V. (2025). The Road to Zero-Emission Fleets: The Role of Data-Driven Decision-Making. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 29(1), 600\u2013610. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rtuect-2025-0041","DOI":"10.2478\/rtuect-2025-0041"},{"key":"64301","unstructured":"Transport & Environment. (n.d.). Car taxation: Good Tax Guide. T&E. 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