{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1778889751274,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the ethiopathogenesis of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum galectin-3 levels are related to ADHD in childhood.Methods The current study consisted of 35 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 35 control subjects. The severities of ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of the children were determined by the self-report scale. Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured.Results The ADHD group had significantly higher serum Galectin-3 levels than the control group. To control confounding factors, including age, sex, and BMI percentile, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was also performed. Analyses revealed a significantly higher serum log- Galectin-3 levels in children with ADHD compared to controls. No association was found between the mean serum galectin-3 levels and sociodemographic characteristics and clinical test scores, except the oppositional defiant behavior scores.Conclusion Our research supports the hypothesis that serum levels of galectin-3 might be related to ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2019.0247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T08:07:45Z","timestamp":1583827665000},"page":"256-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"Is\u00b8 \u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Demirdas\u00b8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evrim","family":"Aktepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar Aydog\u02d8 an","family":"Avs\u00b8 ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3482"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2019.1574892"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119993971.ch25"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0497-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2019.05.005"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and inflammation: what does current knowledge tell us? 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