{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:00:24Z","timestamp":1789675224869,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M3C7A1947307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3C7A1947307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3A9F1027323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A9F1027323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT"},{"name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency of Korea","award":["S1601-20-1041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1601-20-1041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) has been established as a treatment modality for patients with treatment-resistant depression and with some specific subtypes of depression. This narrative review intends to provide psychiatrists with the latest findings on the use of ECT in depression, devided into total eight sub-topics.Methods We searched PubMed for English-language articles using combined keywords and tried to analyze journals published from 1995\u20132020.Results Pharmacotherapy such as antidepressants or maintenance ECT is more effective than a placebo as prevention of recurrence after ECT. The use of ECT in treatment-resistant depression, depressed patients with suicidal risks, elderly depression, bipolar depression, psychotic depression, and depression during pregnancy or postpartum have therapeutic benefits. As possible mechanisms of ECT, the role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and other findings in the field of neurophysiology, neuro-immunology, and neurogenesis are also supported.Conclusion ECT is evolving toward reducing cognitive side effects and maximizing therapeutic effects. If robust evidence for ECT through randomized controlled studies are more established and the mechanism of ECT gets further clarified, the scope of its use in the treatment of depression will be more expanded in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T04:02:11Z","timestamp":1608091331000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Recent Updates on Electro-Convulsive Therapy in Patients with Depression"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mi Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidal","family":"Yook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09926.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770090019001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770300091010"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)12705-5"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12251"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1337","volume-title":"Continuation electroconvulsive therapy vs pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in major depression: a multisite study from the Consortium for Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy (CORE)","author":"Kellner","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.149"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417743343"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00602.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200504000-00002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0b013e318157ac58"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415617657"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.11.55"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300229"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0515-4"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200212000-00003"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600802"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"","author":"Courtet","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12589"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20134"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.5.977"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000676"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148213"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.09.005"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15081101"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010118"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000271"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jgp.0b013e31820dcbf9"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.02.053"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.10.003"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in geriatric psychiatry: a selective review","author":"Meyer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder and its risk factors","author":"Najafi-Vosough","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265198"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"214","volume-title":"ECT beyond unipolar major depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression","author":"Bahji","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13075"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00702.x"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700055720"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.014"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.00997.x"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.07.036"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-018-0207-1"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200112000-00003"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000183269.62735.89"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.13.1264"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111893"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22334"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Pregnancy and electroconvulsive therapy: a multidisciplinary approach","author":"Ray-Griffith","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200203000-00015"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in pregnancy: safety, best practices, and barriers to care","author":"Rose","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.06.008"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0b013e318190d7ca"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0b013e318277cce2"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.972373"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16040454"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000578"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.043"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.009"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000210"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"359","volume-title":"GABAA receptor mRNAs are increased after electroconvulsive shock","author":"Kang","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001362"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2018.22"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.577"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.04.018"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150177"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.182"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.12.003"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5377-03.2004"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.069567"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.93"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1461145709991209"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0b013e3181571abb"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2081"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.10.013"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.08.007"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.023036"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.040"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.005"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yct.0000000000000133"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.101983"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.892633"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21658"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.01.011"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(02)00266-x"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.04.004"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.23-34-10841.2003"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200412000-00009"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.009"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01862.x"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in depression: current practice and future direction","author":"Hermida","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.001"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.06.012"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970500213871"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.3.210"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2020-0350.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2020.0350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2020-0350.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T05:22:05Z","timestamp":1612848125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2020.0350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2020.0350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-3684","1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-3684","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}