{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:31:28Z","timestamp":1790206288577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related psychological symptoms can lead to smartphone addiction (SPA) risk and other behavioral disorders, thus impacting individuals\u2019 mental health and well-being. The present study aims to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and SPA, and the mediating role of future anxiety (FA) during the post-COVID-19 era.Methods An online questionnaire including the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Dark Future Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale among university students from China, was conducted between September 14 and November 22, 2022. Finally, 1,154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity.Results Structural Equation Model demonstrated that EI significantly and negatively influenced SPA (\u03b2=0.211, p&lt;0.001), university students\u2019 FA significantly and positively effected SPA (\u03b2=0.315, p&lt;0.001), EI significantly predicted SPA in university students, and FA partially mediated the association between EI and SPA. The mediation effect of FA was 0.110, which accounted for 34.27% of the total effect. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect.Conclusion These findings broaden our understanding regarding the relationship between EI and SPA and the mediating role of FA, providing new sights for educators on how to reduce the risk of SPA when confronting the ongoing and possible future pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2023.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T05:18:31Z","timestamp":1698124711000},"page":"951-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Smartphone Addiction Among University Students\u2019 During the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Future Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-5147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong-xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101521"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2021.06"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.920899"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.049"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.805529"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.652356"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107730"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1083214"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2021.1889751"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.s335407"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10447-021-09461-x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.997253"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.600134"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102128"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929x.2021.1933181"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121249"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111016"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111222"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137578"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am1920204"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/rcp1920205"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/am1920205"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"692503","volume-title":"Relationships between anxiety, perceived vulnerability to disease, and smartphone use during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a sample of Italian college students","author":"De Pasquale","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110455"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.03.001"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: the role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender","author":"Van Deursen","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00375"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2012.05.007"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080903567855"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12202"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134771"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.01.010"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/rcp1920204"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1033304"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.647386"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02196-5"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00846-6"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.881074"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.917465"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105875"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.612007"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/psi190730013s"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052452"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.947392"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.08.009"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106790"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.08.007"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.045"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.017"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.04.031"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.6.1271"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107204"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(96)00070-0"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0284"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/pihrm9220211"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01773-w"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_154_17"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-016-9510-7"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466508x386027"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.810727"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093058"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151006x118577"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2019.1620675"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.725740"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.865306"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39339.610000.be"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315250601-10"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.04.025"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463x16678257"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"","author":"Kline","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/brm.40.3.879"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106012"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01102-8"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03956-6"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.08.027"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"3797","volume-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of problematic smartphone use durthe COVID-19 pandemic: a Bangladeshi study","author":"Hosen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2022.03.001"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107058"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01470-8"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03265-4"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.095"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"149","volume-title":"","author":"Soyka","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0669"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327825mcs0301_02"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2749"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261023"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106857"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1092893"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.635546"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106616"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.014"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-015-9403-1"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107676"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2023-0021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2023.0021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2023-0021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1698628442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2023.0021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2023.0021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-3684","1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-3684","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}