{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:50:46Z","timestamp":1770979846039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HA21C0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA21C0100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective This study aims to understand the structure of meaning in life among patients with cancer through the validation of the Meaning in Life Scale among Korean patients (K-MiLS) with cancer.Methods From August 2021 to November 2022, participants were recruited from multiple sites in South Korea. Participants completed related questionnaires, including the MiLS, on the web or mobile. Test-retest reliability was assessed between 2 and 4 weeks after the initial assessment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and Pearson\u2019s correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the MiLS. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the sociodemographic and disease-related variables correlated with the MiLS. Regarding concurrent validity, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed.Results The results (n=345) indicated that the K-MiLS has a four-factor structure: Harmony and Peace; Life Perspective, Purpose, and Goals; Confusion and Lessened Meaning; and Benefits of Spirituality. Regarding convergent and discriminant validity, K-MiLS was negatively correlated with Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory while showing a significantly positive correlation with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, and Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the demographic variable influencing MiLS was religious affiliation.Conclusion The K-MiLS had a multidimensional four-factor structure similar to that of the original version. It is also a reliable and valid measure for assessing cancer survivors\u2019 meaning in life after a cancer diagnosis.\t<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2024.0236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:40:17Z","timestamp":1742344817000},"page":"258-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of the Korean Version of the Meaning in Life Scale for Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9887-8792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Namgu","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9861-542X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hae-Yeon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3819-0028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Ae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4114-5102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hye Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jong-Heun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-0542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sun Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7388-9195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun-Seung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"","author":"Spiegel","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.1989.7.2.113"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Posttraumatic growth: a new perspective on psychotraumatology","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024204"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"863","volume-title":"Meaning making and psychological adjustment following cancer: the mediating roles of growth, life meaning, and restored just-world beliefs","author":"Park","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.53.1.80"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Global meaning and meaning-related life attitudes: exploring their role in predicting depression, anxiety, and demoralization in cancer patients","author":"Vehling","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(196404)20:2<200::aid-jclp2270200203>3.0.co;2-u"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"","author":"Antonovsky","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"845","volume-title":"The development, construct validity, and clinical utility of the spiritual meaning scale","author":"Mascaro","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0081178"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1034","volume-title":"Systematic review of meaning in life assessment instruments","author":"Brandst\u00e4tter","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0028-6"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"121","volume-title":"[Validation of meaning in life scale modified to evaluate the spiritual dimension in a Chilean and Latin-American cancer population on palliative care]","author":"Cocio","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5243\/jsswr.2010.8"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"806","volume-title":"Scale development research: a content analysis and recommendations for best practices","author":"Worthington","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","author":"Costello","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"","author":"Gorsuch","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Sample size in factor analysis","author":"MacCallum","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"","author":"Kline","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1737","volume-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-008-0444-y"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1092","volume-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.1993.11.3.570"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"215","volume-title":"[Development and validation of Korean functional assessment cancer therapy-general (FACT-G)]","author":"Kim","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02103658"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"223","volume-title":"The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion","author":"Neff","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"709","volume-title":"The Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire. Measurement of social support in family medicine patients","author":"Broadhead","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses","author":"McDonald","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures","author":"Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"139","volume-title":"The correlation coefficient: its values range between +1\/-1, or do they?","author":"Ratner","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1201_1"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Exploratory factor analysis: a guide to best practice","author":"Watkins","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018301"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02602.x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::aid-jclp6>3.0.co;2-1"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"889","volume-title":"The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: problems and prospects","author":"Zinnbauer","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00336.x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-013-9781-3"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02429.x"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.57.6.1069"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309032"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0683-4"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22932"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbs091"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111360"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijca.1.3.1"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2024-0236.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2024.0236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2024-0236.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T05:48:12Z","timestamp":1742881692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2024.0236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2024.0236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}