{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:14:32Z","timestamp":1783692872044,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Choi Shin-Hai Neuropsychiatry Research Fund"},{"name":"Korean Foundation of Neuropsychiatry Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses who experienced patient death during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to evaluate the necessity of grief support is required.Methods An online survey was conducted to assess the experiences of nurses at Ulsan University Hospital who lost patients during the past year of the pandemic. In total, 211 nurses were recruited. We obtained information on the participants\u2019 demographic and clinical characteristics. For symptoms rating, we used the following scales: the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), and Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS), and Grief Support in Healthcare Scale (GSHCS). Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients, linear regression, and mediation analysis were employed.Results PTGI scores were significantly correlated with the SAVE-9 (r=0.31, p&lt;0.01), PHQ-9 (r=0.31, p&lt;0.01), PGS (r=0.28, p&lt;0.01), UGRS (r=0.45, p&lt;0.01), and GSHCS scores (r=0.46, p&lt;0.01). The linear regression analysis revealed the factors significantly associated with PTGI scores: SAVE-9 (\u03b2=0.16, p=0.014), UGRS (\u03b2=0.29, p&lt;0.001), and GSHCS (\u03b2=0.34, p&lt;0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that nurses\u2019 stress and anxiety about COVID-19 and grief rumination had a direct impact on PTG, with grief support serving as a significant mediator.Conclusion PTG was promoted by increases in the medical staff\u2019s anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, grief rumination, and grief support. For the medical staff\u2019s experience of bereavement to result in meaningful personal and professional growth, family members, colleagues, and other associates should provide thoughtful support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2024.0253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:22:17Z","timestamp":1736986937000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Healing Through Loss: Exploring Nurses\u2019 Post-Traumatic Growth After Patient Death"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0598-665X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"YongHan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-2155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joon-Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-005X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jangho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-6916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Rong","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7703-0505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin Yong","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-1658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youjin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-3642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seockhoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-7100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junseok","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-1426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. Hyung Keun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02103658"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218126"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12796"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17315\/kjhp.2009.14.1.012"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e319"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"119","volume-title":"[Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)]","author":"Park","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2020.1853885"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1121546"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9377-y"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"e3203","volume-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the Utrecht grief rumination scale and its relationship with COVID-related hypochondriasis among healthcare workers who witnessed patient deaths","author":"Kim","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"372","volume-title":"The grief support in healthcare scale: development and testing","author":"Anderson","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1097022"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/32.2.129"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.02.004"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2015.52383"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.79.3.327"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2020.100195"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.114"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1007745627077"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800802317841"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4446"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.076"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2022.2063457"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2015.1024558"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2024-0253.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2024.0253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2024-0253.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T01:56:12Z","timestamp":1737597372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2024.0253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2024.0253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}