{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:32:14Z","timestamp":1783708334945,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003665","name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H1002-24-1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H1002-24-1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective This study aimed to explore the feasibility of the Multimodal Optimized Treatment for Insomnia Framework (MOTIF) among people with insomnia symptoms among the general population.Methods An online survey among people in the general population complaining of insomnia was conducted anonymously. Participants were categorised into two groups based on 6 hours of time in bed (TIB). Each group was further clustered into two groups based on favourable attitudes toward taking hypnotics. Their psychological states were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-6 (DBAS-6), Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors about Sleep-6 (ACBS-6), and Depressive Symptoms Inventory-Suicidality Scale (DSI-SS).Results There were 600 responses collected, with 548 responses analysed from people whose bedtime was between 9:00 PM and 1:00 AM. In total, 86.1% were categorized as individuals who can sleep without medications, while 13.9% as individuals who cannot. The ISI score was significantly higher among individuals with TIB \u22646 hours. Based on the attitude toward taking hypnotics, the proportions of participants in each category were 46.9%, 39.2%, 7.8%, and 6.0%. The ISI and DSI-SS scores (18.7\u00b15.3 and 2.9\u00b12.6, respectively) were significantly higher among the group who cannot sleep without medications and who had a favourable attitude to taking hypnotics. The proportion of participants taking hypnotics was lowest among the group who cannot sleep without medications and had an unfavourable attitude to taking hypnotics.Conclusion Individuals unable to sleep without hypnotics exhibit more severe insomnia symptoms and higher psychological distress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2025.0274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:50:42Z","timestamp":1773013842000},"page":"396-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the Characteristics of Individuals Grouped Based on the Multimodal Optimized Treatment for Insomnia Framework Among Individuals Complaining of Insomnia"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-3642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seockhoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp12x625157"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12999"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0418-8"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2006.06.008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m15-2175"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12594"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0146"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad204"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17241\/smr.2025.02873"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.02.008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1472"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.01.001"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10514"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.10.1567"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17241\/smr.2018.00150"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5394"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-016-0073-7"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Treatment of chronic insomnia by restriction of time in bed","author":"Spielman","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17241\/smr.2024.02937"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4684"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.1.37"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.04.27"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101736"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17241\/smr.2022.01368"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2023.0220"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0373"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2023.0189"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"119","volume-title":"[Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)]","author":"Park","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.04.027"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.11.1547"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106703"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(01)00017-1"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.5.577"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Insomnia with short sleep duration: nosological, diagnostic, and treatment implications","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.09.005"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30928"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14409"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.028"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2013.764530"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2025.372"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2025-0274.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2025.0274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2025-0274.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T23:04:08Z","timestamp":1774479848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2025.0274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2025.0274","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}