{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:47:50Z","timestamp":1770745670734,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective It is widely accepted that childhood traumas increase the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood and contribute to the chronicity of the disorder. Various mediating factors are believed to exist in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of rumination in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and MDD in a clinical sample.Methods The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 94 patients aged 18\u201365 diagnosed with MDD at the G\u00fclhane Training and Research Hospital Psychiatry Clinic, along with 91 healthy participants. After collecting sociodemographic data, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-33, and Rumination Scale. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results The analyses indicated that rumination may serve a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. Specifically, rumination was predicted by childhood trauma (standardized coefficient=0.44, p&lt;0.001) and served as a predictor of depression (standardized coefficient=0.56, p&lt;0.001). The basic model indicated a significant direct effect between childhood trauma and depression severity (p=0.01, b=0.50), while the mediating model demonstrated both a direct effect (p=0.011, b=0.24) and an indirect effect through rumination (p=0.003, b=0.25).Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that childhood traumatic experiences may be associated with depression severity, and rumination appears to play a mediating role in this relationship. This highlights the need to address cognitive features and traumatic experiences in developing effective prevention and intervention strategies for depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2025.0377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T23:40:25Z","timestamp":1770162025000},"page":"242-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4605-1319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esra","family":"Yal\u0131m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9891-4278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cansu \u00dcnsal","family":"Mavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7404-6405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamil Nahit","family":"\u00d6zmenler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090177"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.49"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.7.887"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20577"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"157","volume-title":"[Bipolar disorder and childhood trauma]","author":"Erten","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2018.15.1.62"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"130","volume-title":"[The frequency of childhood trauma and relationship with psychopathology in psychiatric patients]","author":"\u00d6rsel","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1520-6394(1999)9:4<169::aid-da4>3.3.co;2-u"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20216"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01828.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20447"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.100.4.569"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/jcop.16.4.405.52529"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2590"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.050"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"261","volume-title":"[Childhood traumas and attachment style-associated depression symptoms: the mediator role of alexithymia]","author":"\u015eenkal","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s332603"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"3","volume-title":"[A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample]","author":"Hisli","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2020.1760171"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20542"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/bcp.20121130122311"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104361"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.132"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"695","volume-title":"[Childhood traumas: a review]","author":"\u00c7elik","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"569","volume-title":"[Cinsel istismar ve \u00e7ocuk ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131]","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00106"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.872981"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112995"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843x.109.3.504"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1528-3542.1.1.25"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Investigation of the metacognitive model of depression in a Turkish sample of major depressive","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s182783"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01597"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027483"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2025-0377.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2025.0377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/upload\/pdf\/pi-2025-0377.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:08:29Z","timestamp":1770696509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryinvestigation.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.30773\/pi.2025.0377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2025.0377","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-3026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-3026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}