{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:04:33Z","timestamp":1784192673829,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psychiatryinvestigation.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that the latent structure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be more differentiated than the four-factor model proposed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). While expanded factor models have been supported in trauma-exposed and community samples, their applicability in clinically diagnosed psychiatric outpatient populations remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare competing DSM-5\u2013based PTSD factor models in a general adult psychiatric outpatient sample using the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (K-PCL-5).Methods Psychological data were obtained from 229 adults who were first-visit psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with PTSD or probable PTSD at a university hospital in South Korea. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the K-PCL-5. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to compare eight competing PTSD models, including one- and two-factor models, the DSM-5 four-factor model, and alternative multidimensional models (dysphoria, dysphoric arousal, externalizing behavior, anhedonia, and hybrid). Models were estimated using the weighted least squares mean- and variance-adjusted estimator for ordinal data. Model fit was evaluated using multiple fit indices.Results The DSM-5 four-factor model demonstrated a borderline fit. All alternative multidimensional models showed improved fit relative to the DSM-5 model. Among them, the seven-factor hybrid model provided the best overall fit, followed by the six-factor anhedonia and externalizing behavior models. One- and two-factor models demonstrated poor fit.Conclusion PTSD symptoms in Korean adult psychiatric outpatients are better represented by expanded multidimensional factor models than by the DSM-5 four-factor model. These findings support the clinical applicability of post-DSM-5 expanded PTSD models and highlight the need for further validation across diverse clinical populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2026.0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:03:32Z","timestamp":1783645412000},"page":"930-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 in Psychiatric Outpatients With PTSD"],"prefix":"10.30773","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7821-1530","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dayeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-839X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soorack","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1075-8600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joo Eon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6650-3685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Won-Hyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-6775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daeho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12228","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"","year":"2013","type":"book"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2260","type":"journal-article","volume-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys","author":"Koenen","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20270","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"581","type":"journal-article","volume-title":"[The epidemiological study of posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban 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